Table 3. Multiple linear regression of maternal retinal microvasculature at 26–28 weeks vs. fetal biometry changes between 32–34 weeks and 26–28 weeks and neonatal biometry changes between delivery and 26–28 weeks.
| Head circumference | Abdominal circumference | Weight | Length | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE), mm | β (SE), mm | β (SE), g | β (SE), mm | |||||
| Diff between | Diff between | Diff between | Diff between | Diff between | Diff between | Diff between | Diff between | |
| 32–26 week 3 | del-26 week 4 | 32–26 week 3 | del-26 week 4 | 32–26 week 3 | del-26 week 4 | 32–26 week 3 | del-26 week 4 | |
| Caliber, per 10 μm ↓ * | ||||||||
| Arteriole | -1.10 (0.80) | -1.70 (0.90) | -1.40 (1.00) | -2.50 (1.60) | -47.75 (15.05) | -54.20 (23.11) | -2.40 (1.00) | -3.00 (1.30) |
| p value | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.002 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Venule | -0.40 (0.60) | 0.40 (0.70) | -0.30 (0.70) | 0.60 (1.10) | 16.77 (10.89) | 13.48 (16.86) | 0.00 (0.70) | 0.200 (1.00) |
| p value | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.71 | 0.57 | 0.12 | 0.42 | 0.99 | 0.82 |
| Fractal dimension, per SD ↓ | ||||||||
| Arteriole | -1.09 (0.61) | -0.49 (0.67) | -0.94 (0.75) | -1.05 (1.10) | -26.09 (11.36) | -42.13 (15.10) | -1.58 (0.76) | -0.67 (0.93) |
| (SD = 0.05Df) | ||||||||
| p value | 0.08 | 0.46 | 0.21 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.04 | 0.47 |
| Venule | -1.03 (0.62) | -0.12 (0.68) | -0.43 (0.76) | -1.56 (1.12) | -18.03 (11.53) | -27.64 (15.44) | -1.26 (0.76) | 0.36 (0.94) |
| (SD = 0.04Df) | ||||||||
| p value | 0.10 | 0.86 | 0.57 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.70 |
SE, standard error; SD, standard deviation.
3Model 3: Adjust for age, ethnicity, household income, maternal smoking history, birth order, hypertension history, gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis at 26 weeks, body mass index at 26 weeks and baby gender.
4Model 4: Model 1 and gestational age.
*Model for retinal caliber was additionally adjusted for fellow vessel (CRAE for CRVE, CRVE for CRAE).