FIGURE 6.

The synergistic effects of ATRA and SALL4 knockdown are further enhanced by coinhibition of LSD1. These experiments were conducted in parallel with mono or double drug treatments (the results are shown in Fig. 2), and the results can therefore be compared. A, HL60 and TEX cells were treated with ATRA+Dox+TCP for 60 h, and CD11b levels were detected by flow cytometry assays. B, representative flow cytometry profiles showing the CD11b and annexin-V expression levels in primary AML cells obtained from patient AML1. C, cell morphology of the indicated cells by May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining was evaluated after ATRA+Dox+TCP treatments. Representative images were taken using a Nikon Eclipse 90i microscope (×60). D, dose-response (for ATRA) and time course studies showing superoxide anion production in ATRA+Dox+TCP-treated HL60 cells. Ctrl, control. E, triple drug treatment significantly decreased tumor growth in xenograft studies. Tumor volume growth curves are expressed as the mean ± S.E. (n = 3 in the control group, n = 4 per other group). **, p < 0.01 versus A+T or A+D group. A, ATRA; T, TCA; D, Dox.