Table 4. Association between medication adherence using the MALMAS and glycemic control.
| Adherence | HbA1c | Mean rank | z value/ H2 | Good control | Poor control | χ2 | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 134) | Mean + SD [Median] | (p value) | HbA1c < 7% | HbA1c > 7% | (p value) | (95% CI) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
| High adherence | 8.00 ± 1.87 [7.60] | 57.51 | 6.073 a | 13 (39.4) | 28 (27.7) | 5.01 | - |
| Medium adherence | 8.48 ± 2.08 [8.10] | 67.20 | (0.048*) | 16 (48,5) | 41 (40.6) | (0.081) | |
| Low adherence | 8.98 ± 1.86 [8.55] | 79.35 | 4 (12.1) | 32 (31.7) | |||
| Medium and high adherence | 8.28 ± 2.00 [7.90] | 63.15 | -2.142 b | 29 (87.9) | 69 (68.3) | 4.84 | 3.362 |
| Low adherence | 8.97 ± 1.86 [8.55] | 79.35 | (0.032c) | 4 (12.1) | 32 (31.7) | (0.028*) | (1.090–10.370) |
| High adherence | 8.00 ± 1.87 [7.60] | 57.51 | -1.978 b | 13 (39.4) | 28 (27.7) | 1.59 | 1.695 |
| Low and medium adherence | 8.67 ± 2.00 [8.40] | 71.90 | (0.048c) | 20 (60.6) | 73 (72.3) | (0.207) | (0.744–3.859) |
* p < 0.05; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval
a H2 value—Kruskal-Wallis H Test; was performed when there was more than 2 groups of adherence levels;
b z value—Mann-Whitney U Test; was performed when there was 2 groups of adherence levels;