(A&B) Expressions of PEPCK (A) and G-6-Pase (B) were significantly decreased in TO-treated db/db mice, compared with the DMSO-treated controls, but no significant differences between TO and DMSO-treated WT mice. (C) SREBP-1c expression was significantly increased in both WT and TO-treated db/db mice, compared with the respective DMSO-treated controls. (D) Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was significantly increased in TO-treated db/db mice while the total Akt protein levels remained the same, but there was no change in either phosphorylation or total protein of IRS1, compared with DMSO-treated controls. TO had no effect on the phosphorylation and total protein of either Akt or IRS1 in WT mice. Results in (A), (B), and (C) are presented as mean ± SD, *P<0.05. 10–15 mice were used in each group.