Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia with and without comorbid cannabis use disorders
| Group, no.(%)* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| Characteristic | CUD, n = 80 | NCUD, n = 33 | Statistic | p value |
| Age, mean ± SD, yr | 22.18 ± 2.7 | 22.15 ± 3.0 | t111 = 0.040 | 0.97 |
| Age onset first psychosis, mean ± SD, yr | 20.40 ± 3.3 | 20.24 ± 3.4 | t111 = 0.228 | 0.82 |
| Duration of positive symptoms, median, mo | 11 | 14 | U = 1156 | 0.30 |
| Duration of psychotic disorder, median, yr | 1 | 1 | U = 1258 | 0.69 |
| GAF score, mean ± SD | 34.29 ± 10.6 | 34.55 ± 11.0 | t111 = −0.117 | 0.91 |
| Nicotine use | 71 (89.0) | 7 (21.2) | χ21 = 58.95 | < 0.001 |
| Education | χ24 = 2.207 | 0.82 | ||
| Primary education | 1 (1.3) | — | ||
| Lower secondary professional education | 17 (21.3) | 5 (15.2) | ||
| Higher secondary education | 42 (52.5) | 15 (45.5) | ||
| Higher professional education | 11 (13.8) | 7 (21.2) | ||
| University | 9 (11.3) | 5 (15.2) | ||
| Missing | — | 1 (3.0) | ||
| Specific psychotic disorders | χ24 = 2.411 | 0.66 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 57 (71.3) | 24 (72.7) | ||
| Schizophreniform disorder | 7 (8.8) | 5 (15.2) | ||
| Schizoaffective disorder | 13 (16.3) | 4 (12.1) | ||
| Substance induced psychotic disorder | 2 (2.5) | — | ||
| Psychotic disorder NOS | 1 (1.3) | — | ||
| Number of psychotic episodes | χ22 = 1.08 | 0.58 | ||
| 1 | 67 (83.8) | 29 (87.9) | ||
| 2 | 12 (15.0) | 3 (9.1) | ||
| 3 | 1 (1.3) | 1 (3.0) | ||
| Medication use | χ22 = 0.247 | 0.88 | ||
| Atypical antipsychotics | 65 (81.3) | 28 (84.9) | ||
| Typical antipsychotics | 7 (8.8) | 3 (9.1) | ||
| None | 7 (8.8) | 2 (6.1) | ||
| Duration of medication use, median, mo | 4 | 5 | U = 903 | 0.47 |
| Comorbid DSM-IV diagnoses | χ26 = 5.026 | 0.54 | ||
| Affective disorder | 2 (2.5) | 1 (3.0) | ||
| Anxiety disorder | — | 1 (3.0) | ||
| Obsessive–compulsive disorder | 1 (1.3) | 2 (6.1) | ||
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 1 (1.3) | 1 (3.0) | ||
| Pervasive developmental disorder | 1 (1.3) | 1 (3.0) | ||
| ADHD | 3 (3.8) | — | ||
| Other | 3 (3.8) | 1 (3.0) | ||
| Comorbid DSM-IV drug diagnoses | χ25 = 5.577 | 0.35 | ||
| Alcohol abuse | 10 (12.5) | 4 (12.1) | ||
| Alcohol dependency | 5 (6.3) | — | ||
| Cocain abuse | 2 (2.5) | — | ||
| Cocain dependency | 1 (1.3) | — | ||
| Amphetamine abuse | — | — | ||
| Amphetamine dependency | 2 (2.5) | — | ||
| Multiple | 7 (8.8) | — | ||
ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CUD = cannabis use disorder; GAF = Global Assessment of Functioning; NCUD = no cannabis use disorder; NOS = not otherwise specified; SD = standard deviation.
*
Unless otherwise indicated.