Table 5.

Comparison dialkyl phosphate metabolites in maternal urine specimens of various birth cohorts

Cohort	Generation R1	Generation R2	MoBa3	NHANES4	Mt. Sinai5	Home6	CHAMACOS7
Location	Rotterdam, Netherlands	Rotterdam, Netherlands	Norway	USA	New York City, NY, USA	Cincinnati, OH, USA	Salinas Valley, CA, USA
# women	120	100	11	126	285–297	344	445
Statistic	GM	GM	GM	Median	Median	Median	Median
Metabolite Concentrations in nmol/g creatinine
Total DAP	223–240	282	145	72
Total DM	167–187	240	112	45
Total DE	50–63	31	12	22
Metabolite concentrations in nmol/L
Total DAP	97–124	183	87	52	82	81	115
Total DM	78–97	157	79	29	48	57	82
Total DE	15–21	20	8	16	25	18	18

¹Current study, 120 persons with 2 or 3 urine samples

²Previous study, 100 mothers with one urine spot sample after 20–30 weeks of gestation, mean age 30 (18–41) (Ye et al., 2008; Ye et al., 2009)

³Ten pools of one 1 ml urine samples from 11 women at ~17 weeks of gestation, mean age 30 (15–53) years (Ye et al., 2009). In the table approximate values are given, based on GM values in µg/g creatinine

⁴Urine samples of 126 pregnant women in 2001–2002, mean age 27 (16–40) years from the NHANES study, which is a slightly different dataset as presented in the paper of Ye et al. (2009) (n=119) but otherwise the same data.

⁵Multiethnic pregnancy prospective cohort study in Mount Sinai Children’s Environmental health Center, New York City, urine spot sample at mean gestational age of 31.2 weeks (Engel et al., 2007)

⁶Prospective birth cohort in Cincinnati metropolitan area, urine spot samples at 16 and 26 weeks of gestation Rauch et al., 2012)

⁷Prospective cohort study in Salinas Valley, California, with primarily Latino children, metabolite levels as average of baseline and 26-week maternal pregnancy measures