TABLE 6.

Covariate-Adjusted Linear Regression Models for Non-Traumatic Dental Condition-Related Emergency Department Costs for U.S. Children and Adults Enrolled in Medicaid.

	Medicaid-Enrolled Children Ages 3 to 17 Years		Medicaid-Enrolled Adults Ages 18 years and older
Model Covariates	Adjusted Mean Costs and 95% Confidence Intervals	P-value	Adjusted Mean Costs and 95% Confidence Intervals	P-value
ASD Status
ASD	$ 147.67 (−$189.96, $485.30)	P=0.391	$516.01 (−$156.22, $1,188.25)	P=0.132
No ASD (reference)	-	-	-	-
Sex
Male (reference)	-	-	-	-
Female	−$136.91 (−$185.40, −$88.43)	P<0.001	−$41.38 (−$62.50, −$20.25)	P<0.001
Age
3–5 (reference for children)	-	-	n/a	n/a
6–12	$22.83 (−$51.87, $97.53)	P=0.549	n/a	n/a
13–17	$132.97 ($52.08, $213.85)	P=0.001	n/a	n/a
18–21 (reference for adults)	n/a	n/a	-	-
22–49	n/a	n/a	$42.22 ($23.15, $61.30)	P<0.001
50–64	n/a	n/a	$289.73 ($236.17, $343.29)	P<0.001
65–75	n/a	n/a	$479.04 ($97.65, $860.42)	P=0.014
76 and older	n/a	n/a	$1,034.97 ($489.67, $1,580.26)	P<0.001
Median community income
$1 – $40,999 (reference)	-	-	-	-
$41,000 – $50,999	−$27.30 (−$104.51, $49.91)	P=0.488	−$31.43 (−$74.24, $11.37)	P=0.150
$51,000 – $66,999	$107.97 (−$41.87, $257.81)	P=0.158	$4.95 (−$49.16, $59.07)	P=0.857
$67,000 or more	$107.72 (–$31.31, $246.74)	P=0.129	−$35.45 (−$106.53, $35.64)	P=0.328
Rurality of patient’s county of residence
Large central metropolitan (reference)	-	-	-	-
Large fringe metropolitan	−$103.37 (−$224.39, $17.65)	P=0.094	−$216.03 (−$323.62, −$108.44)	P<0.001
Medium metropolitan	−$62.02 (−$202.61, $78.58)	P=0.387	−146.49 (−$260.97, −$32.02)	P=0.012
Small metropolitan	−$151.69 (−$296.16, −$7.23)	P=0.040	−$262.87 (−$378.72, −$147.02)	P<0.001
Micropolitan	−$225.68 (−$339.86, −$111.49)	P<0.001	−$373.68 (−$470.21, −$277.14)	P<0.001
Non-core	−$225.53 (−$448.74, −$2.31)	P=0.048	−$407.68 (−$503.52, −$311.84)	P<0.001