Extended Data Figure 4. mtDNA stress in TF^D MEFs and BMDM potentiates type I interferon responses to viral infection and enhances viral clearance.

a-b, WT and Tfam+/− MEFs were infected with VSV-GFP (a) or MHV68-GFP (b) and after the indicated times, cytokine and ISG mRNA expression determined by qRT-PCR, or cytokine secretion determined by ELISA. c-f, Tfam^flox/flox ERCre− or Tfam^flox/flox ERCre+ BMDM were incubated in 4OHT for 96hrs to induce TFAM depletion. Cells were infected with HSV1-GFP (c, e-f) or VSV-GFP (d-e), incubated for the indicated times, and viral gene expression was determined by qRT-PCR (c-d) and western blotting (e), or cytokine and ISG mRNA expression determined by qRT-PCR (f). Error bars indicate ± s.e.m. of triplicates and data are representative of two independent experiments. **=p<0.01, ***=p<0.001, ns=not significant.