Table 1.
Demographic Factors and Baseline Clinical Information in Acute Rehabilitation Unit Patients According to Vitamin D Status (n = 414).
| Characteristic | 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL (n = 77) | 25(OH)D ≥20 ng/mL (n = 337) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 65 (16) | 67 (16) | .32 |
| Sex, % | .12 | ||
| Female | 38 | 49 | |
| Male | 62 | 51 | |
| Race, % | .02 | ||
| Nonwhite | 25 | 12 | |
| White | 75 | 88 | |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 28 (6) | 26 (6) | .01 |
| DCCI, mean (SD) | 3 (2) | 2 (2) | <.001 |
| Total FIM, mean (SD) | 62 (12) | 60 (13) | <.001 |
| Fractures, % | .32 | ||
| No | 87 | 82 | |
| Yes | 13 | 18 | |
| Steroid use, % | .77 | ||
| No | 93 | 94 | |
| Yes | 7 | 6 | |
| Osteoporosis/osteomalacia, % | .65 | ||
| No | 90 | 88 | |
| Yes | 10 | 12 | |
| Vitamin D supplementation, % | <.001 | ||
| None | 99 | 83 | |
| <1000 IU | 1 | 15 | |
| ≥1000 IU | — | 2 | |
| Type of patient, % | .46 | ||
| Orthopedic | 30 | 29 | |
| Neurological | 48 | 50 | |
| Cardiac | 5 | 5 | |
| Spinal cord injury | — | 3 | |
| Traumatic brain injury | 17 | 13 | |
| Season of ARU admission, % | .48 | ||
| Summer | 54 | 59 | |
| Winter | 46 | 41 | |
| 25(OH)D, mean (SD), ng/mL | 15 (4) | 32 (11) | <.001 |
| NSMP, % | .02 | ||
| No | 61 | 83 | |
| Yes | 39 | 17 | |
| Medications, % | |||
| Acetaminophen | 90 | 96 | .10 |
| NSAIDs | — | — | — |
| Opioids | 92 | 77 | .003 |
| Other analgesics | — | — | — |
| Anticonvulsants | 6 | 10 | .30 |
| Antineoplastics | — | — | — |
| Antimicrobials | 5 | 3 | .47 |
| Antihypertensives | 4 | 1 | .17 |
| Antiretrovirals | — | — | — |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors | 30 | 35 | .45 |
Significant P values (<.05) are shown in bold. ARU, acute rehabilitation unit; BMI, body mass index; DCCI, Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index; FIM, Functional Independence Measure; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSMP, nonspecific musculoskeletal pain; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; —, indicates <1%. Other analgesics = gabapentin, pregabalin, tricyclic antidepressants, tizanadine, cyclobenzaprine, baclofen. Anticonvulsants = phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid. Antineoplastics = taxol, tamoxifen. Antimicrobials = clotrimazole, fluconazole, rifampin. Antihypertensives = nifedipine, spironolactone. Antiretrovirals = retonovir, sequinovir.