Table 2.
Biologically Plausible Model to Test the Association of Admission 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level With Nonspecific Musculoskeletal Pain in Acute Rehabilitation Unit Patients (n = 414).
| Covariate | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|
| Age | 0.99 (1.20–1.65) |
| Sex | |
| Female | — |
| Male | 0.70 (0.42–1.15) |
| Race | |
| White | — |
| Nonwhite | 2.94 (1.32–6.67) |
| BMI | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) |
| DCCI | 1.41 (1.20–1.65) |
| Total FIM | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) |
| Fractures | |
| No | — |
| Yes | 2.22 (1.22–4.17) |
| Steroid use | |
| No | — |
| Yes | 2.42 (0.98–5.97) |
| Osteoporosis/osteomalacia | |
| No | — |
| Yes | 3.03 (1.43–6.67) |
| Type of patient | |
| Orthopedic | — |
| Neurological | 0.07 (0.04–0.11) |
| Cardiac | 0.03 (0.01–0.11) |
| Spinal cord injury | 0.54 (0.14–2.14) |
| Traumatic brain injury | 0.05 (0.02–0.14) |
| 25(OH)D | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) |
Statistically significant confidence intervals are noted in bold. —, indicates referent variable; BMI, body mass index; DCCI, Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index; FIM, Functional Independence Measure; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Incident risk ratios are expressed per unit change in each covariate and are exponential for >1-unit change. For example, the incident risk ratio is 0.82 (0.965) for a 5-ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D level and 0.67 (0.9610) for a 10-ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D level.