Table 2.

Ethnic Differences in Hyperglycemic Markers and Metabolic Indices in Youth

	Hyperglycemic Marker	Metabolic Indices
Latino (n=206) [83••]b	6–6.4% vs. <6.0%	21% SI 30% Insulin Secretion 31% DI
	5.7–6.4% vs. <5.7%	≈ SI ≈ AIR ≈ DI
Caucasian & AA (n=204) [84••]c	5.7–6.4% vs. <5.7%	18% SI 30% GDI
Caucasian & AA (n=223) [87•]c	≥90–99 mg/dL vs. <90 mg/dL fasting	≈ SI Insulin Secretion 23% GDId
Caucasian & AA (n=113) [88]c	≥155 mg/dL vs. <155 mg/dL at 1-hr post OGTT	≈ SI ≈ Insulin Secretion 35.5% GDId
Caucasian (n=1,454) [90]	≥132 mg/dL vs. <132 mg/dL at 1-hr post OGTT	DIe
Latino (n=233, 9-yr longitudinal) [89••]b	≥155 mg/dL vs. <155 mg/dL at 1hr post OGTT	≈ SI Insulin Secretion DI
Caucasian & AA (n=147) [91]a,c	≥120 mg/dL vs. <120 mg/dL at 2-hr post OGTT	≈ SI ≈ Insulin Secretion 40% GDId
Caucasian, non-diabetic (n=60, 2-yr longitudinal) [92••]c	120–139 mg/dL vs. 100–199 vs. <100 mg/dL at 2-hr post OGTT	SI Insulin Secretion

^aStudy included non-diabetic and diabetic children;

^bStudies used FSIVGTT with minimal modeling (Disposition index [DI] = insulin sensitivity [SI] * acute insulin response [AIR]);

^cStudies compared hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity by [6,6-²H₂] glucose and a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and β-cell function by a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp (~225 mg/dL).

^dGlucose disposition index (GDI) was expressed relative to insulin sensitivity (GDI = SI * first-phase insulin).

^eDI was calculated from a regression equation using data from an OGTT.