Table 5.
Home | Visiting private households | Work b | Restaurant c | Travel/meeting d | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (%) of snacks (n = 5876 snacks) consumed in each location | 3396 (58%) | 336 (6%) | 1376 (23%) | 195 (3%) | 573 (10%) | |||||||||
Number (%) of participants consuming ≥1 snack in this location (n = 1661) | 1438 (87%) | 258 (16%) | 745 (45%) | 154 (9%) | 394 (24%) | |||||||||
Energy and macronutrients | Meane | 95% CI | Meane | 95% CI | pf | Meane | 95% CI | pf | Meane | 95% CI | pf | Meane | 95% CI | pf |
Energy, MJ/snack | 1.0 | 1.0,1.0 | 1.7 | 1.6,1.9 | <0.001 | 0.7 | 0.7,0.8 | <0.001 | 1.3 | 1.2,1.5 | <0.001 | 1.0 | 0.9,1.1 | 0.97 |
Protein, E% | 10 | 10,10 | 9 | 8,10 | 0.012 | 11 | 10,12 | 0.005 | 10 | 9,11 | 0.76 | 10 | 9,11 | 0.70 |
Fat, E% | 23 | 22,23 | 30 | 28,33 | <0.001 | 19 | 18,21 | <0.001 | 29 | 26,33 | <0.001 | 23 | 21,25 | 0.62 |
Carbohydrates, E% | 59 | 58,60 | 52 | 50,55 | <0.001 | 64 | 63,66 | <0.001 | 44 | 42,47 | <0.001 | 62 | 60,64 | 0.008 |
Added sugars, E% | 15 | 14,16 | 22 | 19,24 | <0.001 | 10 | 9,11 | <0.001 | 16 | 14,19 | 0.37 | 19 | 17,22 | 0.001 |
Fiber, g/MJ | 4.1 | 3.9,4.2 | 2.4 | 2.0,2.7 | <0.001 | 6.0 | 5.7,6.3 | <0.001 | 1.5 | 1.1,1.9 | <0.001 | 3.9 | 3.5,4.4 | 0.55 |
Alcohol, E% | 5 | 5,6 | 7 | 4,9 | 0.25 | 0 | 0,1 | <0.001 | 15 | 11,19 | <0.001 | 2 | 0,3 | <0.001 |
Food groupsg | % | % | ph | % | ph | % | ph | % | ph | |||||
Cakes, % of snacks including | 12 | 43 | <0.001 | 10 | 0.68 | 29 | <0.001 | 20 | <0.001 | |||||
Fruits, % of snacks including | 37 | 27 | 0.003 | 49 | <0.001 | 12 | <0.001 | 35 | 0.81 | |||||
Sugar/sweets, % of snacks including | 27 | 34 | 0.023 | 20 | <0.001 | 26 | 0.44 | 30 | 0.20 | |||||
Bread, % of snacks including | 12 | 13 | 0.44 | 19 | <0.001 | 15 | 0.11 | 12 | 0.91 | |||||
Alcoholic beverages, % of snacks including | 9 | 12 | 0.06 | 0 | <0.001 | 27 | <0.001 | 4 | <0.001 |
MJ, mega joule; E%, percentage of energy.
aOnly snacks ≥50 kJ are included.
bWork and school, including school/work canteens
cRestaurant, fast food outlet, café
dTravel, meeting, during exercise
eMeans adjusted for gender, age group, BMI, educational level, interest in a healthy diet, smoking habits, weekday/weekend day, normal day or not with regard to food and beverage intake and whether the participant was an under-reporter of energy intake on the day the snack was consumed.
fLinear mixed models with bootstrap; the eating location “home” is used as a reference.
g“cakes” include buns, muffins, waffles, cookies, cream cakes and other cakes, “fruits” include fresh fruits and berries, “sugar/sweets” include sugars, syrup, honey, chocolates, and sweets, “bread” includes regular bread, rolls, crisp bread, crackers and tortillas.
hLogistic mixed models; the eating location “home” is used as a reference.
Due to multiple comparisons, the significance level was set to p < 0.004.