Table 1.
Characteristics of Control and HIV-Infected Subjects
| Control Subjects (n=67) | HIV-Infected Subjects (n=155) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 46 ± 7 | 47 ± 7 | 0.13 |
| Gender, % | |||
| Male | 58 | 61 | 0.67 |
| Race, % | |||
| White | 49 | 53 | 0.37 |
| Framingham Risk Score | 9 (5–11) | 10 (7–12) | 0.09 |
| Family history of premature CHD by NCEP, % | 24 | 21 | 0.71 |
| Dyslipidemia by NCEP, % | 24 | 34 | 0.13 |
| Hypertension, % | 15 | 24 | 0.15 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 7 | 10 | 0.50 |
| Current smoker, % | 42 | 44 | 0.74 |
| HCV, % | 9 | 27 | 0.002 |
| History of IVDU, % | 13 | 23 | 0.12 |
| HIV Disease Related Parameters | |||
| Duration since HIV diagnosis, y | N/A | 14 ± 6 | N/A |
| Ever on antiretroviral therapy, % | N/A | 99 | N/A |
| Duration of antiretroviral therapy, y | N/A | 8 ± 5 | N/A |
| Current PI treatment, % | N/A | 55 | N/A |
| Current NRTI treatment, % | N/A | 95 | N/A |
| Current NNRTI treatment, % | N/A | 37 | N/A |
| CD4+ T-lymphocytes, cells/μL | N/A | 552 ± 290 | N/A |
| Log HIV RNA viral load, copies/mL | N/A | 1.8 ± 0.5 | N/A |
| Undetectable HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL, % | N/A | 86 | N/A |
| Anthropometric Parameters | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27 ± 5.0 | 27 ± 5.0 | 0.39 |
| Waist Circumference (iliac crest), cm | 93.9 (84.4–105.1) | 96.2 (85.1–108.4) | 0.60 |
| VAT area, cm2 | 100 (52–172) | 109 (61–210) | 0.28 |
| SAT area, cm2 | 238 (146–343) | 199 (126–288) | 0.07 |
| Metabolic Indices | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 117 ± 15 | 119 ± 14 | 0.22 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 76 ± 9 | 76 ± 9 | 0.70 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 86 (80–93) | 88 (80–95) | 0.47 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.5 (5.4–5.8) | 5.5 (5.2–5.8) | 0.08 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 176 (156–200) | 178 (155–206) | 0.71 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 49 (42–66) | 50 (41–62) | 0.71 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 105 ± 30 | 102 ± 35 | 0.60 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 83 (62–119) | 97 (77–172) | 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.94 (0.77–1.13) | 0.93 (0.81–1.10) | 0.81 |
| ALT, U/dL | 24 ± 15 | 35 ± 28 | 0.0001 |
| AST, U/dL | 28 ± 15 | 39 ± 30 | 0.0008 |
| Inflammatory Indices | |||
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.13 (0.05–0.36) | 0.14 (0.05–0.39) | 0.76 |
| hsIL-6, pg/mL | 0.96 (0.61–1.83) | 1.06 (0.74–1.86) | 0.38 |
| LPS, ng/mL | 0.07 (0.02–0.09) | 0.09 (0.04–0.12) | 0.003 |
Data reported as mean ± standard deviation, percentage, or median (interquartile range). Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IVDU, intravenous drug use; PI, protease inhibitor; N/A, not applicable; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; hsIL-6, high sensitivity interleukin-6; LPS, lipopolysaccharide