Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| Variable | n (%) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | China (Urban) | China (Rural) | Cuba | Dominic.Republic | India (Urban) | India (Rural) | Mexico (Urban) | Mexico (Rural) | Nigeria | Peru (Urban) | Peru (Rural) | Puerto Rico | Vene-zuela | |
| n | 4590 | 44 | 15 | 682 | 757 | 390 | 422 | 312 | 259 | 270 | 390 | 144 | 331 | 574 |
| Age (MV) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 65–69 | 1347 | 16 | 3 | 182 | 189 | 146 | 140 | 64 | 81 | 82 | 91 | 42 | 89 | 222 |
| (29.3) | (36.3) | (20.0) | (26.6) | (24.9) | (37.4) | (33.1) | (20.5) | (31.2) | (30.3) | (23.3) | (29.1) | (26.8) | (38.6) | |
| 70–74 | 1224 | 11 | 8 | 151 | 173 | 130 | 152 | 106 | 65 | 76 | 99 | 40 | 69 | 144 |
| (26.6) | (25.0) | (53.3) | (22.1) | (22.8) | (33.3) | (36.0) | (33.9) | (25.1) | (28.1) | (25.3) | (27.7) | (20.8) | (25 | |
| 75–79 | 941 | 7 | 3 | 164 | 161 | 61 | 75 | 69 | 57 | 35 | 99 | 29 | 81 | 100 |
| (20.5) | (15.9) | (20.0) | (24.0) | (21.2) | (15.6) | (17.7) | (22.1) | (22) | (12.9) | (25.3) | (20.1) | (24.4) | (17.4) | |
| 80–84 | 576 | 3 | 1 | 105 | 115 | 28 | 38 | 43 | 32 | 39 | 55 | 21 | 47 | 49 |
| (12.5) | (6.8) | (6.6) | (15.4) | (15.1) | (7.1) | (9.0) | (13.7) | (12.3) | (14.4) | (14.1) | (14.5) | (14.2) | (8.5) | |
| 85–89 | 345 | 7 | 0 | 55 | 76 | 15 | 14 | 24 | 18 | 22 | 34 | 8 | 32 | 40 |
| (7.5) | (15.9) | (8.0) | (10.0) | (3.8) | (3.3) | (7.6) | (6.9) | (8.1) | (8.7) | (5.5) | (9.6) | (6.9) | ||
| 90+ | 152 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 43 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 16 | 12 | 4 | 13 | 18 |
| (3.3) | (3.5) | (5.6) | (2.0) | (0.7) | (1.6) | (2.3) | (5.9) | (3.0) | (2.7) | (3.9) | (3.1) | |||
| Gender (MV) | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Female | 3282 | 27 | 6 | 535 | 573 | 261 | 232 | 235 | 196 | 165 | 282 | 92 | 262 | 416 |
| (71.5) | (61.3) | (40.0) | (78.4) | (75.6) | (66.9) | (54.9) | (75.3) | (75.6) | (61.1) | (72.3) | (63.8) | (79.1) | (72.4) | |
| Education (MV) | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| No education | 1217 | 10 | 6 | 28 | 186 | 220 | 294 | 91 | 93 | 178 | 12 | 33 | 17 | 49 |
| (26.5) | (22.7) | (40.0) | (4.1) | (24.5) | (56.4) | (69.6) | (29.1) | (35.9) | (65.9) | (3.0) | (22.9) | (5.1) | (8.5) | |
| Some | 1351 | 10 | 5 | 182 | 398 | 83 | 75 | 130 | 133 | 32 | 42 | 40 | 67 | 154 |
| (29.5) | (22.7) | (33.3) | (26.6) | (52.5) | (21.2) | (17.7) | (41.6) | (51.3) | (11.8) | (10.7) | (27.7) | (20.2) | (26.8) | |
| Completed primary | 1155 | 14 | 4 | 247 | 108 | 60 | 40 | 59 | 25 | 32 | 157 | 56 | 82 | 271 |
| (25.2) | (31.8) | (66.6) | (36.2) | (14.2) | (15.3) | (9.4) | (18.9) | (9.6) | (11.8) | (40.2) | (38.8) | (24.7) | (47.2) | |
| Completed secondary | 540 | 6 | 0 | 136 | 43 | 21 | 12 | 20 | 5 | 6 | 122 | 7 | 110 | 52 |
| (11.8) | (13.6) | (19.9) | (5.6) | (5.3) | (2.8) | (6.4) | (1.9) | (2.2) | (31.2) | (4.8) | (33.2) | (9.0) | ||
| Completed tertiary | 270 | 4 | 0 | 88 | 14 | 6 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 55 | 5 | 53 | 25 |
| (5.8) | (9.0) | (12.9) | (1.8) | (1.5) | (0.2) | (3.8) | (1.1) | (1.4) | (14.1) | (3.4) | (16) | (4.3) | ||
| Unknown | 37 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 23 |
| (0.8) | (0.1) | (1.0) | (0.5) | (2.0) | (4.0) | |||||||||
| Marital Status (MV) | 47 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 21 |
| Never married | 265 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 37 | 8 | 2 | 16 | 10 | 9 | 42 | 10 | 15 | 47 |
| (10.1) | (4.8) | (2.0) | (0.4) | (5.1) | (3.86) | (3.30) | (10.7) | (6.9) | (4.5) | (8.1) | ||||
| (5.7) | ||||||||||||||
| Married/Cohabiting | 1882 | 30 | 4 | 232 | 182 | 153 | 199 | 140 | 121 | 162 | 196 | 85 | 158 | 220 |
| (41.0) | (68.1) | (26.6) | (34.0) | (24.0) | (39.2) | (47.1) | (44.8) | (46.72) | (60.0) | (50.2) | (59.0) | (47.7) | (38.3) | |
| Widowed | 1847 | 14 | 11 | 257 | 348 | 206 | 212 | 127 | 110 | 81 | 128 | 47 | 116 | 190 |
| (40.2) | (31.8) | (73.3) | (37.6) | (45.9) | (52.8) | (50.2) | (40.7) | (42.47) | (30.0) | (32.8) | (32.6) | (35.0) | (33.1) | |
| Divorced/Separated | 549 | 0 | 0 | 123 | 186 | 23 | 9 | 29 | 18 | 0 | 23 | 2 | 40 | 96 |
| (11.9) | (18.0) | (24.5) | (5.9) | (2.1) | (9.2) | (6.9) | (5.9) | (1.3) | (12) | (16.7) | ||||
| Assets 1 (MV) | 219 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 214 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 43 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 14 |
| (1.6) | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.8) | (10.2) | (0.4) | (1.5) | (1.4) | (2.4) | ||||||
| 1–4 | 1274 | 3 | 5 | 72 | 281 | 265 | 351 | 36 | 155 | 43 | 9 | 50 | 4 | 560 |
| (27.8) | (6.8) | (33.3) | (10.5) | (37.1) | (67.9) | (83.2) | (11.5) | (59.8) | (15.9) | (2.3) | (34.7) | (1.2) | (97.6) | |
| 5+ | 3025 | 41 | 41 | 607 | 471 | 120 | 28 | 276 | 103 | 9 | 381 | 92 | 327 | 0 |
| (65.9) | (93.2) | (93.2) | (89.0) | (62.2) | (30.8) | (6.6) | (88.5) | (39.8) | (3.3) | (97.7) | (63.9) | (98.8) | ||
| Pension (MV) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yes | 2098 | 38 | 3 | 541 | 208 | 23 | 145 | 228 | 78 | 1 | 234 | 100 | 190 | 309 |
| (45.7) | (86.4) | (20) | (79.3) | (27.5) | (5.9) | (34.4) | (73.1) | (30.1) | (0.4) | (60) | (69.4) | (57.4) | (53.8) | |
| Private Insurance (MV) | 63 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 25 |
| None | 3204 | 44 | 9 | 680 | 642 | 387 | 422 | 134 | 184 | 241 | 88 | 33 | 19 | 321 |
| (69.8) | (100) | (60.0) | (99.7) | (84.8) | (99.2) | (100) | (42.9) | (71.0) | (89.2) | (22.5) | (22.9) | (5.7) | (55.9) | |
| Physical Comorbidities (MV) | 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 19 |
| 1–2 | 1954 | 18 | 8 | 382 | 342 | 147 | 204 | 135 | 113 | 139 | 166 | 74 | 37 | 189 |
| (42.6) | (40.9) | (53.3) | (56.0) | (45.2) | (37.7) | (48.3) | (43.3) | (43.6) | (42.0) | (42.6) | (51.4) | (13.7) | (32.9) | |
| 3+ | 1287 | 19 | 4 | 122 | 310 | 28 | 101 | 92 | 85 | 131 | 117 | 23 | 7 | 248 |
| (28.0) | (43.2) | (26.7) | (17.9) | (40.9) | (7.2) | (23.9) | (29.5) | (32.8) | (39.6) | (30.0) | (15.9) | (2.6) | (43.2) | |
| Dementia (MV) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Any diagnosis | 615 | 10 | 10 | 98 | 121 | 43 | 52 | 45 | 32 | 42 | 32 | 19 | 42 | 69 |
| (13.4) | (22.7) | (66.7) | (14.4) | (16.0) | (11.0) | (12.3) | (14.4) | (12.4) | (15.6) | (8.2) | (13.2) | (12.7) | (12.0) | |
| Depression (MV) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ICD-10 depressive episode | 931 | 3 | 6 | 142 | 274 | 37 | 124 | 46 | 42 | 5 | 84 | 16 | 46 | 106 |
| (20.3) | (6.8) | (40.0) | (20.8) | (36.2) | (9.5) | (29.4) | (14.7) | (16.2) | (1.9) | (21.5) | (11.1) | (13.9) | (18.5) | |
Note: MV = Number of missing values. 1 Household assets (i.e., car, television, refrigerator, telephone, mains water, mains electricity, plumbed toilet).