DFUFs and DFFs promoted less endothelial cell sprouting than NFFs in a 3D angiogenesis model. Representative images of endothelial cell sprouts (arrowheads) off of dextran beads in fibrin gels in coculture with DFUF1, DFF6, or NFF10 are shown. Scale bars, 100 μm. Quantification of mean number of endothelial sprouts per bead±SD (n=4) demonstrated that DFUF1 and DFF6 were less able to promote sprouting compared with NFF10. *p<0.05. 3D, three dimensional; NFFs, nonulcerated foot-derived fibroblasts.