Table 1.

Summary of Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models and Related References

Model	Figure	Purpose	Analogous wound-healing process	Cell types used	References
Sprouting	Figure 2	To test the ability of fibroblasts to induce an angiogenic-like response in endothelial cells	Angiogenesis	HUVEC, DFUF/DFF/NFF	10,24,25
Human skin equivalent tissue	Figure 3	To examine the cross-talk between fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a skin-like tissue	Fibroblast-keratinocyte communication	NHKs, DFUF/DFF/NFF	2,11
Re-epithelialization	Figure 4, Supplementary Figure S1	To determine the ability of fibroblasts to support wound re-epithelialization	Re-epithelialization	NHKs, HFFs, DFUF/DFF/NFF	12,28,29
Self-assembled ECM	Figure 5	To evaluate fibroblast capacity to synthesize and assemble ECM de novo	Granulation tissue production	DFUF/DFF/NFF	7,8

DFFs, type ii diabetic, nonulcerated foot-derived fibroblasts; DFUFs, type II diabetic foot ulcer-derived fibroblasts; ECM, extracellular matrix; HFF, human foreskin fibroblast; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; nondiabetic, NFF, nonulcerated foot-derived fibroblasts; NHKs, normal human keratinocytes.