. 2014 Dec 13;61(2):99–105. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2014-112

Table 1. The effects of the PHE mixture and sperm concentration on sperm penetration rate at 18 h after IVF using medium including theophylline.

Bulls	Sperm concentration (×10⁶ cells/ml)	PHE	No. of oocytes (Replicates)	Percentages of
Bulls	Sperm concentration (×10⁶ cells/ml)	PHE	No. of oocytes (Replicates)	Total penetration	2PN	Poly	Others*
A	1	+	31 (3)	100.0^a	74.2	9.4^ab	16.4^a
	1	−	31 (3)	84.2^b	75.1	0^b	9.1^ab
	2	+	31 (3)	97.0^ab	68.2	13.0^ab	15.8^a
	2	−	31 (3)	96.7^ab	77.0	10.0^ab	9.7^ab
	5	+	42 (3)	97.8^ab	75.9	21.8^a	0^b
	5	−	37 (3)	100.0^a	87.0	13.0^ab	0^b

B	1	+	31 (3)	95.8^a	78.7^a	4.2^a	13.0^a
	1	−	32 (3)	59.4^b	50.0^b	0^a	9.4^ab
	2	+	34 (3)	93.9^a	82.5^a	11.5^ab	0^b
	2	−	33 (3)	97.0^a	84.8^a	6.4^a	5.8^ab
	5	+	31 (3)	100.0^a	73.6^ab	23.0^b	3.3^ab
	5	−	42 (4)	95.0^a	81.7^a	9.2^ab	4.2^ab

C	1	+	40 (3)	81.7^ab	73.3^ab	3.3^a	5.0^ab
	1	−	40 (3)	69.5^a	49.0^b	6.7^a	13.8^a
	2	+	51 (4)	97.9^c	82.4^a	15.7^ab	0^b
	2	−	48 (4)	89.2^bc	79.2^ab	3.9^a	9.4^ab
	5	+	35 (3)	97.0^bc	53.6^b	30.6^b	12.8^a
	5	−	32 (3)	100.0^c	80.8^a	15.9^ab	3.3^ab

^{a, b, c} Values with different letters within each bull differ significantly (P < 0.05). *Others: an enlarged sperm head with an anaphase II/telophase II chromosome or a male pronucleus was observed. 2PN, two pronuclei; poly, penetrated with more than two sperm.