| 1. |
Chromo-some-engineered mouse model. |
Autism |
Not specified |
Calcium Meas-urement in Neu-ronal Cell Culture |
Morris Water Task Three-Chambered Social Interaction Ultrasonic Vocaliza-tion Barnes Maze Task |
Seems to replicate various aspects of human autistic phenotypes and validates the relevance of the human chromosome abnormality.12
|
| 2. |
Wistar Han Rat Rat |
Autism |
Prefrontal cortex |
Microcircuit alterations |
LTP |
Layer 5 pyramidal neu-rons connected to neighboring neurons.13
|
| 3. |
Loss-of-function mutation in NL4-KO and NL4-cDNA mice |
Autism |
Overall brain |
Reduced Brain Volume |
Selective Deficits of Social Interaction and Social Memory Vocalization |
Selective perturbation of social behavior and vocalization.14
|
| 4. |
BALB/c Mice. |
Autism |
Not specified |
Not evaluated |
Water Maze Hanging Wire Grip Strength Mid-air Righting |
Seems to replicate various aspects of human autistic phenotypes.15
|
| 5. |
Sprague Dawley female rats. |
Autism |
Overall brain |
NeuN GABA |
Acoustic startle response and prepulse Inhibi-tion Mechanical and thermal nociception |
Disrupts circuitry involved in sensory processing.16
|
| 6. |
Sprague Dawley Rats. |
Autism |
Cerebral cortex and pons |
Morphological abnormalities |
Not evaluated |
Abnormal development of the cortical plate abnormal migration and/or distribution of TH-positive and 5-HT neurons Abnormal running nerve tract at the pons.17
|
| 7. |
BALB/c Mice. |
Autism |
Not specified |
Microarray analy-sis |
Not evaluated |
21 genes were up regulat-ed. 18 genes were down regulated.18
|
| 8. |
Pilocarpine induced epilepsy in wistar rats. |
Epilepsy |
Not specified |
Not evaluated |
Social discrimination test |
Study describes changes in the patterns of social behavior of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy.32
|
| 9. |
Knockin mice. |
Autsim |
Hippocampus neurons |
Measurement of GABAR and NMDAR mediated evoked potential. |
Not evaluated |
R704C substitution in NLG3 in Murine embryonic fibroblast cell, iN was studied. Decreases in AMPA-R medited synaptic transmission and no change in GABA-R mrdiated synaptic transmission were observed which causes autism associated phenotypes.48
|
| 10. |
C57BL/6N fe-male mice. |
ASD |
Not specified |
Immune system dysregulation analysis |
PPI, Social preference, Repetitive marble bury-ing, and Open field exploration, |
Hyperresponsive CD4+, CD25+ and CD3+ GITR+ T cell observed which also causes dysregulation in cytokines in CSF. Repetitive and anxiety like behavior abnormalities also observed.49
|
| 11. |
Zebrafish |
ASD |
Brain stem |
Chemical-genetics approach |
Not evaluated |
Repression of ascl1b causes 5HT neuronal differentiation failure in VPA treated embryo which implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders.50
|
| 12. |
Point muta-tion In SHANK gene in mice. |
ASD |
Not specified |
Measurement of synaptic protein and receptor. |
Not evaluated |
Reduction of spine volume, spine elongation supported delayed maturation and dysregulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission were observed in ASD animal model.51
|
| 13. |
Wistar rats. |
ASD |
Hippocampus |
Measurements of Neuroligin and Neurexin signal-ing. |
Not evaluated |
Mutation in ProSAP2/SHANK3 alters synaptic transmission causes disturbances in AMPA and NMDA mediated synaptic transmission in ASD.52
|
| 14. |
Wistar rats. |
Autism |
Not specified |
Not evaluated |
Open field test social interaction test eight-arm radial maze learning assay |
Influence on learning per-formance and behavior after birth.53
|
| 15. |
Evans rats. |
Autism |
Not specified |
Not evaluated |
Sunflower seed eating task, Vermicelli Handling task, Sensory reporting and gating test. |
Auditory unresponsivity and skilled motor performance were found in VPA treated rats.54
|
| 16. |
Sprague-Dawley Rats. |
Autism |
Ventrolateral orbital cortex |
Not evaluated |
Forced swimming test Locomotion activity |
VLO produced an antide-pressant-like effect.55
|
| 17. |
C57BL6/J mice. |
ASD |
Medial Anterior Olfactory Nucleus, the Central and Medial Amygdaloid nuclei, and the Nucleus Accumbens |
µ-opioid receptors (MOR) expression gene. |
Locomotion, exploration (sniffing, rearing, digging, and climbing), social investigation (following, sniffing nose, body, and ano-genital region of the partner), and self-grooming |
Functional loss of MOR gene (Oprm1−/− mice) showed social impair-ments and core autistic symptoms.56
|
| 18. |
Female C57BL6/J mice. |
ASD |
Not specified |
qRT-PCR for Pten and Peg3gene expression study |
Social interaction, Habitua-tion/dishabituation olfactory test, Elevated plus maze. |
Reduced gene expression after Glufosinate ammonium exposure causes memory impairments, brain structural modifications, astrogliosis, and disturbances of the glutamate homeostasis in adult mice.57
|
