Table 3.

Results of pairwise MANOVAs for T12/T13 vertebrae on PCs 1 through 6, which collectively represent 93.5% of the total shape variance

	Pathological humans	Orangutans	Chimpanzees
Healthy humans	λ 0.745 F = 3.762 p = 0.005*	λ 0.374 F = 11.362 p < 0.0001*	λ 0.728 F = 3.804 p = 0.005*
Chimpanzees	λ 0.986 F = 0.164 p = 0.975	λ 0.537 F = 6.377 p < 0.0001*
Orangutans	λ 0.668 F = 4.077 p < 0.004*

*indicates significant value.