Figure 5. Phylogenetic distribution of the two-cell-type model for insect renal function.

Consensus insect phylogeny of the insect species used in our study with superimposed character matrix. A full green circle denotes a positive, while a full red circle indicates a negative, for each category for each species. By contrast, a half green or red circle indicates that, for at least one member of that insect group, a positive or negative has been experimentally confirmed. A grey circle implies that data is not available. A coloured triangle indicates a key event in the evolution of insect renal function and control: Green triangle, SCs arose; blue triangle, SCs adopted kinin signalling; purple triangle, kinin-signalling secondary lost. The phylogenetic relationships and error bars reflecting 95% confidence intervals of the estimated divergence times for the branching nodes were adopted from refs 32, 46, 63, 64.