Figure 5.

Average Defensive Behaviors Frequency (A), Tension Behaviors Frequency (B), Back of Cage Duration (C) and Grape Retrieval Latency (GRL; D) for sham-operated control animals in the Baseline and Grape Only conditions, as well as for each of the eight Neutral/Aversive object pairs presented with the food reward. Gray symbols identify the Neutral objects, whereas black symbols denote the Aversive objects. The Baseline condition is not shown for GRL data (D) since grapes were not presented during those trials. Vertical bars represent SEM. Reprinted with permission of the American Psychological Association.