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. 2014 Sep 17;11:49. doi: 10.1186/s12989-014-0049-1

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© Braakhuis et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Cytokine level in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. The animals exposed to 15 nm silver nanoparticles had significantly increased levels of IL-1β (p < 0.05), MCP-1 (p = 0.06) and MIP-2 (p < 0.01) in the BALF at 24 hours exposure compared to the controls. At 24 hours after exposure, the levels of IL-1β (p < 0.05) and MCP-1 (p < 0.01) were also significantly increased compared to the animals exposed to 410 nm silver particles. At 7 days after exposure, the cytokine levels returned to normal.