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microRNA regulation of self-renewal and differentiation. ESCs have the potential to self-renew or differentiate into somatic cells. MicroRNAs regulate both self-renewal and differentiation pathways of ESCs. miR-21 and the miR-290–295 cluster are essential for self-renewal of ESCs.43 Another regulator of ESCs is Lin28, which binds to Let-7, promoting self-renewal.51 However, miR-296 promotes differentiation of ESCs.45
Abbreviation: ESCs, embryonic stem cells.
