Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of women in the GDM and control cohorts.
| Case (n = 36) | Control (n = 36) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) * | Mean ± SD | 31.17 ± 4.03 | 30.44 ± 3.70 | 0.572 |
| Age group (year) | 19–24 | 2 (5.6%) | 3 (8.3%) | - |
| 25–34 | 27 (75.0%) | 29 (80.6%) | ||
| ≥ 35 | 7 (19.4%) | 4 (11.1%) | ||
| Gestational weeks when OGTT (week) * | Mean ± SD | 26.06 ± 3.11 | 25.97 ± 2.73 | 0.931 |
| Gravidity * | 1 | 19 (52.8%) | 19 (52.8%) | 1.000 |
| ≥ 2 | 17 (47.2%) | 17 (47.2%) | ||
| Parity * | 1 | 29 (80.6%) | 30 (83.3%) | 0.616 |
| ≥ 2 | 7 (19.4%) | 6 (16.7%) | ||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (weight/height2) * | Mean ± SD | 21.19±1.86 | 20.45±2.18 | 0.112 |
| 18.5–23.9 (normal) | 29 (80.6%) | 22 (61.1%) | Reference | |
| < 18.5 (underweight) | 4 (11.1%) | 10 (27.8%) | 0.197 | |
| > 23.9 (overweight or obese) | 3 (8.3%) | 4 (11.1%) | 0.641 | |
| Family history of diabetes | No | 27 (75.0%) | 33 (91.7%) | 0.058 |
| Yes | 9 (25.0%) | 3 (8.3%) | ||
| Family history of hypertension | No | 28 (77.8%) | 30 (83.3%) | 0.551 |
| Yes | 8 (22.2%) | 6 (16.7%) |
* Maternal age, gravidity, parity, BMI and gestational weeks were determined at the time of recruitment. Control subjects were matched against subjects with GDM.
GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index