Table 2.
Indirect Effect of Maternal Chronic-Severe Depression (With Minimal Class as the Reference Group) on Offspring Suicidal Ideation Through Offspring Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Disruptive Behavior Disorder (DBD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Alcohol Abuse
| Modela | Indirect Effects via Offspring Symptoms (Probit Coefficient [95% CI]) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD | GAD | DBD | ADHD | Alcohol Abuse | |
| Model 1a: using full imputed data; unadjusted (N = 10,559) | 0.10 (0.06–0.15); p <.001 | 0.06 (0.03–0.09); p < .001 | 0.11 (0.06–0.16); p < .001 | −0.02 (−0.06–0.02); p = .282 | 0.02 (0.00–0.04); p = .028 |
| Model 1b: adjusted for confounders (N = 10,559)b | 0.07 (0.04–0.11); p <.001 | 0.04 (0.01–0.07); p = .002 | 0.08 (0.04–0.12); p < .001 | −0.01 (−0.04–0.03); p = .743 | 0.01 (−0.00–0.02); p = .158 |
| Model 2: (n = 8,475) | 0.10 (0.06–0.15); p <.001 | 0.06 (0.03–0.10); p < .001 | 0.10 (0.05–0.14); p < .001 | −0.03 (−0.07–0.01); p = .200 | 0.02 (−0.00–0.03); p = .062 |
| Model 3: (n = 4,588) | 0.06 (0.00–0.11); p =.035 | 0.05 (0.01–0.08); p = .007 | 0.09 (0.04–0.14); p = .001 | −0.02 (−0.06–0.01); p = .227 | 0.01 (−0.01–0.02); p = .355 |
| Model 4: (n = 2,445) | 0.03 (−0.03–0.08); p =.299 | 0.04 (0.01–0.10); p = .048 | 0.10 (0.05–0.18); p = .002 | −0.05 (−0.12–−0.02); p = .031 | 0.00 (−0.01–0.02); p = .815 |
Note: Probit coefficients (B) and 95% CIs are displayed. Imputed N = 10,559.
Model 1a shows the unadjusted results using the full imputed dataset; model 1b shows results after adjusting for confounders assessed in pregnancy; model 2 shows the unadjusted results using imputed data for those offspring who were sent the questionnaire at age 16 years; model 3 shows the unadjusted results using imputed data for mediators in those who had complete outcome data; model 4 shows the unadjusted results using only those with complete data on all variables in analysis.
Adjusting for confounders assessed in pregnancy (child gender, housing tenure, marital status, maternal level of education, smoking in pregnancy, maternal family history of depression, and maternal psychiatric disorder before pregnancy).