Table 6.
Preclinical and clinical trials using MVA vector as a vaccine candidate against different viral, bacterial and parasitic infectious diseases.
| Target Pathogen or Disease | Heterologous Antigen | Status | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Viral diseases | |||
| Variola (smallpox) | Whole MVA vector | clinical | [299,300,311] |
| HIV/AIDS | HIV-1 Gag p24 and p17 fused to 25 overlapping CTL CD8 T cell epitopes (clade A) | clinical | [312] |
| HIV-1 Env (clade E); Gag-Pol (clade A) | clinical | [313] | |
| HIV-1 Env, Gag, Tat-Rev and Nef-RT (clade C) | clinical | [314] | |
| HIV-1 Env, Gag-Pol, Nef-Tat (clades B/C) | clinical | [315] | |
| HIV-1 Gag, PR, RT, Env (clade B) | clinical | [316] | |
| HIV-1 Env/Gag, Tat/Rev/Nef-RT (clade B) | clinical | [127] | |
| HIV-1 Env, Gag-Pol-Nef (clade B) | clinical | [305] | |
| 21 CTL and 18 HTL epitopes from HIV-1 Gag, Pol, Vpr, Nef, Rev and Env | clinical | [317] | |
| HIV-1 Nef | clinical | [318] | |
| Influenza A | NP+M1 | clinical | [319] |
| HA from H5N1 | clinical | [320] | |
| Hepatitis B | HBs | clinical | [321] |
| 30 CTL and 16 HTL epitopes | preclinical | [322] | |
| Hepatitis C | NS3, NS4 and NS5B (genotype 1b) | preclinical and clinical | [323,324] |
| E1 and E2 (genotype 1b) | preclinical | [325] | |
| C, E1 and E2, p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B (genotype 1a) | preclinical | [326] | |
| Chikungunya | C, E3, E2, 6K and E1 | preclinical | [327] |
| E3 and E2 | preclinical | [328] | |
| E3-E2, 6K-E1 or E3-E2-6K-E1 | preclinical | [329] | |
| Dengue | Envelope (Dengue type 2 virus) | preclinical | [330] |
| Envelope (Dengue type 3 virus) | preclinical | [331] | |
| Ebola | GP (Zaire and Sudan strains) | preclinical | [332] |
| CCHF | GP | preclinical | [333] |
| SARS | Spike protein | preclinical | [334,335,336,337] |
| Spike or nucleocapsid proteins | preclinical | [338] | |
| Nucleocapsid | preclinical | [339] | |
| MERS | Spike protein | preclinical | [340] |
| FIPV | Membrane protein | preclinical | [341] |
| RSV | F or G glycoprotein | preclinical | [342,343,344] |
| Rift valley fever | Gn/Gc GP | preclinical | [345,346] |
| Rabies | Glycoprotein | preclinical | [347] |
| JEV | Membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins (Korean strain) | preclinical | [348,349,350] |
| B cell, CTL and Th multiple linear epitopes (SA14 strain) | preclinical | [351] | |
| Measles | HA | preclinical | [352] |
| F and HA | preclinical | [94,353] | |
| CMV | Soluble GP B (gB) | preclinical | [354] |
| UL55 (surface glycoprotein), UL83 (tegument protein) and UL123/e4 (nuclear protein) | preclinical | [355] | |
| pp65 (tegument protein) and CMV immediate early gene IE1 | preclinical | [356] | |
| pp65-2, gB and IE1 (Rhesus CMV) | preclinical | [357,358] | |
| pp65, IE1, IE2 | preclinical | [359] | |
| pp65 | preclinical | [360] | |
| glycoproteins gH/gL, UL128, UL130 and UL131A (UL128C) | preclinical | [361] | |
| gH, gL, UL128, UL130 and UL131A | preclinical | [362] | |
| BoHV-1 | Secreted GP D | preclinical | [363] |
| EHV-1 | Complement-receptor GP C | preclinical | [364] |
| HSV | GP D (gD) (HSV-2) | preclinical | [365] |
| Parainfluenza virus | F and/or HN glycoproteins (parainfluenza virus 3) | preclinical | [366,367,368] |
| Bacterial diseases | |||
| Tuberculosis | Mycobacterial mycolyl-transferase antigen 85A | clinical | [369,370,371] |
| Babesia bovis | MSA-2c, RAP-1 and HSP20 proteins | preclinical | [372] |
| Bubonic plague | Yersinia pestis low-calcium response V antigen | preclinical | [373] |
| Parasitic diseases | |||
| Malaria | ME-TRAP | clinical | [374,375] |
| AMA1 | clinical | [376,377,378,379,380] | |
| MSP1 | clinical | [377,378,379,381] | |
| CS | clinical | [375,382] | |
| Polyprotein consisting of six pre-erythrocytic antigens from P. falciparum | clinical | [383] | |
| Leishmaniasis | LACK | preclinical | [88,271,384,385,386] |
| TRYP (Leishmania major substrain LV39) | preclinical | [387] | |
| TRYP (Leishmania infantum) | preclinical | [388] | |
| TRYP (Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis) | preclinical | [389] | |
| Toxoplasmosis | ROP2 | preclinical | [390] |
| Chagas disease | Trypanosoma cruzi TcG2 and TcG4 | preclinical | [391] |
Abbreviations: CTL: Cytotoxic T cell; HTL: Helper T lymphocyte; NP: Nucleoprotein; M1: Matrix protein 1; HA: Hemagglutinin; HBs: Hepatitis B surface antigen; GP: Glycoprotein; NHP: Non-human primates; CCHF: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; SARS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome; MERS: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; FIPV: Feline infectious peritonitis virus; RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; F: Fusion protein; JEV: Japanese encephalitis virus; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; BoHV-1: Bovine herpesvirus-1; EHV-1: Equine herpesvirus type 1; HSV: Herpes simplex virus; HN: Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase; ME-TRAP: Multiple epitope-thrombospondin-related adhesion protein; AMA1: P. falciparum blood-stage malaria antigen apical membrane antigen 1; MSP1: P. falciparum blood-stage malaria antigen merozoite surface protein 1; CS: Circumsporozoite protein; LACK: Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase; TRYP: Tryparedoxin peroxidase; ROP2: Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 2.