Table 4.

Gonadectomy modifies cardiomyocyte Ca ²⁺ release and contraction

Parameter	Component	Functional change	[Ca 2+ ] (mM)	Pacing rate (Hz)	Duration of GDX (weeks)	Species	Reference
Cell shortening	Peak contraction	↔	1	0.5	16	Rat	[91]
		a↓	0.5–2	0.5	2	Rat	[99]
	Relaxation rate	aSlowed	1	0.5	16	Rat	[91]
			0.5–2	0.5	2	Rat	[99]
Intracellular Ca2+	Peak Ca2+ transient	↔	1	0.2	9	Rat	[76]
		a↓	0.5–2	0.5	2	Rat	[99]
	Ca2+ transient decay rate	aSlowed	0.5–2	0.5	2	Rat	[99]
			1	0.2	9	Rat	[76]

^aIndicates that the effect of GDX was reversed by treatment with testosterone in studies by Curl et al. [99] and Golden et al. [91].