Table 1.
Details of the genes and studies in this meta-analysis study
| Gene | SNP | Article | No. of studies | Population | Case definition | T1D/T2D | OR a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCR5 (Chemokine Receptor 5) | rs7637813 | Pettigrew et al, [16] | 1 | Irish | EDNb | 1 | 1.173(0.932-1.478) |
| 10577983 | Pettigrew et al, [16] | 1 | 1.163(0.935-1.447) | ||||
| rs2227010 | Pettigrew et al, [16] | 1 | 1.0(0.805-1.248) | ||||
| rs17765882 | Pettigrew et al, [16] | 1 | 1.501(0.980-2.298) | ||||
| rs2734648 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 0.969(0.788-1.191) | |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 1.186(0.947-1.486) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 1.082(0.853-1.373) | |||
| Del 32/rs333 | Ahluwalia et al, [18] | 4 | North Indian | EDN | 2 | 2.58 (1.98–3.37) | |
| Ahluwalia et al, [18] | South Indian | EDN | 2 | 0.88 (0.51–1.5) | |||
| Pettigrew et al, [16] | Irish | EDN | 1 | 1.242(0.859-1.794) | |||
| Mlynarski et al, [19] | American | ADNc | 1 | 0.959(0 .652 1.410) | |||
| 59029 G.A/rs1799987 | Pettigrew et al, [16] | 10 | Irish | EDN | 1 | 1.017(0.818-1.263) | |
| Ahluwalia et al, [18] | North Indian | EDN | 2 | 2.22 (1.71–2.87) | |||
| Ahluwalia et al, [18] | South Indian | EDN | 2 | 2.17 (1.43–3.29) | |||
| Buraczynska et al, [20] | Polish | EDN | 2 | 1.83(1.43-2.34) | |||
| Mlynarski et al, [19] | American | ADN | 1 | 0.904(0.664- 1.23) | |||
| Nakajima et al, [21] | Japanese | EDN | 2 | 1.179(0.855-1.627) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Danish | EDN | 1 | 1.112(0.918-1.348) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 1.152(0.938-1.415) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 1.063(0.845-1.336) | |||
| Prasad et al, [22] | Indian | ADN | 2 | 1.379(1.047-1.818) | |||
| ADIPOQ (Adiponectin, C1Q And Collagen Domain Containing) | rs266729 | Zhang et al, [23] | 2 | European | EDN + ADN | 1 | 1.120(0.929-1.35) |
| Wu et al, [24] | Taiwanese | EDN | 2 | 1.39(1.0-1.9) | |||
| rs17300539 | Vionnet et al, [25] | 4 | Danish | EDN and Retd | 1 | 1.348(0.965-1.884) | |
| Vionnet et al, [25] | Finnish | EDN and Ret | 1 | 1(0.570-1.754) | |||
| Vionnet et al, [25] | French | EDN and Ret | 1 | 1.472(0.998-2.171) | |||
| Prior et al, [26] | British | EDN and Ret | 1 | 1.924 (1.024-3.617) | |||
| IL8 (Interleukin-8) | rs4073 | Ahluwalia et al, [18] | 2 | North Indian | EDN | 2 | 1.44 (1.1–1.88) |
| Ahluwalia et al, [18] | South Indian | EDN | 2 | 1.5 (0.96–2.33) | |||
| CCL2 (Chemokine ligand 2) | rs1024611 | Ahluwalia et al, [18] | 2 | North Indian | EDN | 2 | 1.04 (0.8–1.36) |
| Joo et al, [27] | Korean | ADN | 2 | 0.91(0.65-1.2) | |||
| rs3917887 | Ahluwalia et al, [18] | 2 | North Indian | EDN | 2 | 2.03 (1.57–2.63) | |
| Ahluwalia et al, [18] | South Indian | EDN | 2 | 1.7 (1.12–2.57) | |||
| MMP9 (Matrix Metallopeptidase 9) | rs17576 | Ahluwalia et al, [18] | 2 | North Indian | EDN | 2 | 1.81 (1.40–2.34) |
| Ahluwalia et al, [18] | South Indian | EDN | 2 | 2.19 (2.45–3.31) | |||
| IL-10 (Interleukin-10) | –592C/A/rs1800872 | Arababadi et al, [28] | 2 | Iranian | EDN | 2 | 1.484(0.944-2.331) |
| Ezzidi et al, [2]/ Mtiraoui et al, [29] | Tunisian | EDN | 2 | 0.915(0.751-1.114) | |||
| –819C/T/rs1800871 | Ezzidi et al, [2]/ Mtiraoui et al, [29] | 1 | 0.777(0.631-0.958) | ||||
| –1082G/A/rs1800896 | Ezzidi et al, [2]/ Mtiraoui et al, [29] | 1 | 0.841(0.694-1.018) | ||||
| IL-1 (Interleukin-1) | IL1A | Loughrey et al, [30] | 1 | Caucasian | EDN | 1 | 0.66 (0.42-1.04) |
| IL1B | Loughrey et al, [30] | 1 | 1.971(1.221-3.182) | ||||
| IL1RI | Loughrey et al, [30] | 1 | 0.94(0.618-1.429) | ||||
| VEGFA (Vascular endothelial growth factor A) | - 2549 I/D/rs35569394 | Yang et al, [31] | 2 | British | EDN and Ret | 1 | 1.619(1.038-2.525) |
| Buraczynska et al, [32] | Polish | EDN | 2 | 1.09(0.77-1.54) | |||
| +405/rs2010963 | Buraczynska et al, [32] | 2 | Polish | EDN | 2 | 0.949(0.658-1.369) | |
| McKnight et al, [33] | Irish | EDN and Ret | 1 | 0.88 (0.69-1.12) | |||
| -1499C > T/rs833061 | McKnight et al, [33] | 2 | Irish | EDN and Ret | 1 | 2.08(1.63-2.66) | |
| -2578C > A/rs699947 | McKnight et al, [33] | 2 | Irish | EDN and Ret | 1 | 0.92(0.72-1.17) | |
| rs2146323 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 0.899(0.732-1.105) | |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 0.914(0.739-1.131) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 0.854(0.667-1.095) | |||
| rs3024997 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 0.967(0.786-1.191) | |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 0.986(0.773-1.257) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 1.124(0.879-1.438) | |||
| rs3025000 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 0.962(0.781-1.186) | |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 0.974(0.765-1.240) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 1.087(0.843-1.402) | |||
| 936C/T/rs3025039 | Kim et al, [34] | 2 | korean | EDN + ADN | 2 | 1.632(0.984-2.708) | |
| VEGFB (Vascular endothelial growth factor B) | rs12366035 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 0.784(0.633-0.971) |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 0.92(0.727-1.163) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 1.144(0.887-1.474) | |||
| VEGFC (Vascular endothelial growth factor C) | rs585706 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 0.8(0.562-1.139) |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 1.318(0.917-1.895) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 1.271(0.882-1.832) | |||
| IL-6 (Interleukin-6) | rs2069827 | Ng et al, [35] | 1 | Caucasian | EDN + ADN | 2 | 0.65(0.365-1.159) |
| rs1800796 | Ng et al, [35] | 0.935(0.588-1.487) | |||||
| rs1800795 | Ng et al, [35] | 0.829(0.623-1.104) | |||||
| rs2069837 | Ng et al, [35] | 0.865(0.54-1.384) | |||||
| rs2069840 | Ng et al, [35] | 0.916(0.686-1.225) | |||||
| rs2069861 | Ng et al, [35] | 1.505(0.882-2.569) | |||||
| TGF-B1 (Transforming growth factor beta 1) | rs1800470 | Jahromi et al, [36] | 8 | Caucasian | EDN | 1 | 1.06(0.64-1.7) |
| Ahluwalia et al, [18] | North Indian | EDN | 2 | 1.1 (0.83–1.44) | |||
| Ng et al, [37] | Caucasian | EDN + ADN | 1 | 0.923(0.722–1.180) | |||
| McKnight et al, [33] | Irish | EDN | 1 | 1.2(0.7-2.1) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Danish | EDN | 1 | 0.979(0.799-1.199) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 1.068(0.852-1.338) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 1.034(0.816-1.311) | |||
| Salgado et al, [38] | Mexican | EDN + ADN | 2 | 1.30(0.99-1.71) | |||
| Tyr81His/rs111033611 | Ahluwalia et al, [18] | 1 | North Indian | EDN | 2 | 1.14 (0.53–2.46) | |
| 915 G > C/rs1800471 | Ng et al, [37] | 3 | Caucasian | EDN + ADN | 2 | 1.022(0.627–1.665) | |
| McKnight et al, [33] | Irish | EDN | 1 | 1.0(0.66-1.5) | |||
| Salgado et al, [38] | Mexican | EDN + ADN | 2 | 4.17(1.40-12.3) | |||
| -800 A > Grs1800468 | Ng et al, [37] | 4 | Caucasian | EDN + ADN | 2 | 1.178(0.762–1.821) | |
| McKnight et al, [33] | Irish | EDN | 1 | 0.75(0.45-1.2) | |||
| Prasad et al, [22] | Indian | ADN | 2 | 1.04(0.816-1.325) | |||
| Salgado et al, [38] | Mexican | EDN + ADN | 2 | 0.98(0.46-2.09) | |||
| rs1800469 | Ng et al, [37] | 3 | Caucasian | EDN + ADN | 2 | 1.088(0.841–1.407) | |
| McKnight et al, [33] | Irish | EDN | 1 | 0.94(0.58-1.5) | |||
| Prasad et al, [22] | Indian | ADN | 2 | 0.738(0.50-1.091) | |||
| rs1800472 | Ng et al, [37] | 1 | Caucasian | EDN + ADN | 2 | 1.168(0.639–2.135) | |
| rs2241717 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 0.957(0.787-1.164) | |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 1.068(0.864-1.322) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 0.917(0.729-1.155) | |||
| rs8179181 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 1.193(0.957-1.488) | |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 1.022(0.799-1.308) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 0.944(0.722-1.234) | |||
| TGF-BR1 (TGF beta receptor 1) | rs1571589 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 0.951(0.746-1.213) |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 1.111(0.836-1.476) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 1.018(0.766-1.352) | |||
| rs928180 | Tregouet et al, [17] | 3 | Danish | EDN | 1 | 1.362(0.988-1.877) | |
| Tregouet et al, [17] | Finnish | EDN | 1 | 0.92(0.67-1.263) | |||
| Tregouet et al, [17] | French | EDN | 1 | 0.901(0.608-1.334) | |||
| TGF-BR2 (TGF beta receptor 2) | 747C > G/rs11466531 | McKnight et al, [33] | 1 | Irish | EDN | 1 | 1.37(1.0-1.89) |
| 1149G > A/ss50394788 | McKnight et al, [33] | 1 | Irish | EDN | 1 | 2.432(0.81-7.303) | |
| CCR2 (chemokine receptor type 2) | G46295A/rs1799864 | Joo et al, [27] | korean | ADN | 2 | 0.91(0.65-1.2) | |
| rs1799865 | Prasad et al, [22] | 1 | Indian | ADN | 2 | 1.551(0.901-2.671) | |
| RANTES/CCL5 (Chemokine ligand 5) | C-28G/rs2280788 | Joo et al, [27] | 2 | korean | ADN | 2 | 0.97(0.65-1.4) |
| Nakajima et al, [21] | Japanese | EDN | 2 | 1.532(1.004-2.338) | |||
| ss161639200 | Pettigrew et al, [16] | 1 | irish | EDN | 1 | 1.140(0.821-1.584) | |
| rs9898132 | Pettigrew et al, [16] | 1 | Irish | EDN | 1 | 1.092(0.746-1.599) | |
| G-403A/rs2107538 | Joo et al, [27] | 3 | Korean | ADN | 2 | 0.8(0.59-1.0) | |
| Pettigrew et al, [16] | Irish | EDN | 1 | 1.085(0.81-1.452) | |||
| Nakajima et al, [21] | Japanese | EDN | 2 | 0.88(0.632-1.225) | |||
| EPO (Erythropoietin) | rs1617640 | Tong et al, [39] | 3 | American | EDN + ADN | 2 | 1.446(1.145-1.826) |
| Tong et al, [39] | 1 | 1.535(1.320-1.787) | |||||
| Tong et al, [39] | 1 | 1.382(1.050-1.820) | |||||
| TNFα (Tumor necrosis factor) | -308/rs1800629 | Prasad et al, [22] | 1 | Indian | ADN | 2 | 1.383(0.775-2.468) |
aOR, Odds ratio (95% CI); bEDN, established diabetic nephropathy; cADN, advanced diabetic nephropathy; dRet, retinopathy.
This meta- analysis included 55 SNPs in 18 genes of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis which were associated with diabetic nephropathy.