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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 28.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Chem Biol. 2014 Mar 9;10(4):259–265. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.1476

Figure 1. Enzymatic ester synthesis by combining alcohols and acyl-CoAs.

Figure 1

(a) Biological ester synthesis. Various alcohol and acyl-CoA biosynthesis pathways from glucose or other carbon sources have been discovered and/or developed in microorganisms. ATF produces esters by combining alcohols and acyl-CoAs. (b) Matrix of esters by a combination of alcohols and acyl-CoAs. In this study, productions of three types of esters (acetate ester, isobutyrate ester and butyrate ester) were shown. Engineered E. coli has an ability to produce the alcohols and the acyl-CoAs in this figure and, thus, has the potential to produce every ester in this table. Red check mark means the ester was synthesized by an engineered E. coli in this report.