Table 3.
Pain model | Route | ED50 | Potency versus morphine | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hot-plate test (mouse) | ||||
50°C | s.c. | 54 μg/kg | 24 | [29] |
52°C | s.c. | 28 μg/kg | 94 | [14] |
56°C | s.c. | 30 μg/kg | 28 | [30] |
| ||||
Hot-plate test 55°C (rat) | s.c. | 15 μg/kg | 313 | [25] |
| ||||
s.c. | 30 μg/kg | 63 | [30] | |
s.c. | 28 μg/kg | 82 | [14] | |
Tail-flick test (mouse) | s.c. | 7.6 μg/kg | 500 | [31] |
i.c.v. | 0.29 fg/animal | >1,000,000 | [31] | |
i.t. | 0.31 fg/animal | >1,000,000 | [31] | |
| ||||
Tail-flick test (rat) | s.c. | 7.2 μg/kg | 250 | [25] |
i.p. | 40 μg/kg | 125 | [25] | |
| ||||
Tail electric stimulation test (rat) | s.c. | 30 μg/kga | 167 | [33] |
| ||||
Writhing test (mouse) | ||||
acetic acid | s.c. | 7 μg/kg | 99 | [25] |
PPQ | s.c. | 9 μg/kg | 44 | [30] |
| ||||
Carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain (rat) | s.c. | 20 μg/kga | 100 | [35] |
aSignificant effect.