Fig. 1.

Schematic representation of the secretion, transfer, and uptake of exosomes. Exosomes are formed by budding into early endosomes to form MVBs. The internal vesicles are secreted outside the cells via MVB fusion with the cellular membrane. The released exosomes are taken up by neighboring cells or distant cells. Exosome internalization occurs through either direct fusion or endocytic pathways. The exosomes are carried outside the cells for lipid recycling