Table 1.
Cancer-related miRNAs in EVs
| Function | Secretion cells | Target cells | miRNA | miRNA targets | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angiogenesis | Mouse mammary breast cancer (4T1) | Endothelial cells (in vivo, in vitro) | miR-210 | [52] | |
| Melanoma | Endothelial cells | miR-9 | SOCS5 | [96] | |
| Breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) | Endothelial cells | miR-105 | ZO-1 | [97] | |
| Suppression of anti-tumor genes |
Breast cancer (MCF-7) Glioblastoma malignant ascite |
miR-21 |
PTEN PDCD4 |
[73] [98] [101] |
|
| Release of tumor-suppressive miRNAs | Metastatic gastric cancer (AX-P7a) | Let-7 | RAS, HMGA2 | [103] | |
| Dormancy | Bone mallow mesenchymal stem cells | Breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) | miR-23b | MARCS | [105] |
| Transfer of drug resistance | Drug-resistant breast cancer (MCF-7) | Drug sensitive breast cancer (MCF-7) | miR-100, miR-222, miR-30a |
miR-222, 30a: pathways for cancer miR-222: cell cycle, PTEN |
[106] |
| Immune suppression | HEK-293 | Murine macrophage | miR-21, miR-29a | Directly bind Toll-like receptor | [109] |
| Promote invasiveness | IL-4-activated M2 macrophages | Breast cancer cells (SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231) | miR-223 | MEF2C | [110] |
| Metastasis | Colorectal cancer | miR-21 | PDCD4 | [100] | |
| Premetastatic niche formation | Renal cancer stem cells | Lung cells (in vivo) | miR-200c, miR-92, miR-141, miR-29a, miR-650, miR-151 | [112] | |
| Metastatic rat adenocarcinoma | Lymph node stroma cells, lung fibroblasts | miR-494, miR-542-3p | Cadherin-17 | [113] | |
| Tumor suppressive | Prostate epithelial cells (PNT-2) | Prostate cancer cells (PC-3M) | miR-143 | Suppression of KRAS and ERK5 | [114] |