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. 2015 Mar 24;407(13):3817–3829. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-8615-4

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© The Author(s) 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

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Fig. 1 — Proposed post-polymerization photografting mechanism to a poly(BMA-co-EDMA) monolithic surface. A The activation of the initiator followed by abstraction of hydrogen from surface. B For the single-step approach, the AMPS is grafted directly on the monolithic surface. C For the two-step sequential approach, the semi-pinacol radical is attached to the surface in the first step to be replaced by the grafted AMPS in the second step. Side reactions that could occur are two semi-pinacol radicals can combine to form dimers (termination) and surface radicals can be terminated by semi-pinacol radicals without attachment of function monomers (see also [10, 11, 13])