Table 3.
All studies reporting the percentage of in-hospital ADR occurrence among patients—unselected populations
| References | Year | Country | Study design | Study length | Study setting | Sample size | ADR occurrence rate (%) | Detection method | ADR definition | Causality | Fatal ADRs (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fattinger et al. [8] | 1996–1998 | Switzerland | Multicenter (2) | 2 years | Internal medicine department | 4187 | 7.6 | ICR | ADR | NR | 0.12 |
| van den Bemt et al. [40] | 1996–1997 | The Netherlands | Multicenter (2) | 2 months | Internal medicine ward; general hospital | 538 | 27.7 | ICR + VR | ADE | NR | NR |
| Hardmeier et al. [10] | Up to 2000 | Switzerland | Multicenter (2) | Cross-sectional | 2 Hospitals, department of internal medicine | 6383 | 7.2 | ICR | ADE | NR | NR |
| Blix et al. [41] | 2002 | Norway | Multicenter (5) | 6 months | Departments of internal medicine/rheumatology; 5 hospitals | 827 | 81.3 | ICR | DRP | NR | NR |
| Zopf et al. [42] | NS | Germany | Multicenter (2) | 6 months | Internal medicine | 907 | 38.0 | ICR | ADR (WHO) | 33.4 % Possible, 61.5 % probable, 4.7 % highly probable | 0.22 |
| Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero et al. [15] | 2009 | Spain | Multicenter (2) | 10 weeks | Internal medicine; teaching hospitals | 381 | 26.8 | ICR | ADR | NR | 0.52 |
| Dequito et al. [43] | 2006–2008 | The Netherlands | Multicenter (2) | 5 months | Geriatric, internal medicine, rheumatology wards | 603 | 50.9 | ICR | ADR | NR | NR |
| Dormann et al. [44] | 1997 | Germany | Single-center | 6 months | Medical ward, university hospital | 379 | 11.9 | ICR | ADR (WHO) | NR | 0.26 |
| Lagnaoui et al. [17] | 1996–1997 | France | Single-center | 4 months | Internal medicine unit | 354 | 7.3 | ICR | ADR | NR | 0 |
| Bordet et al. [19] | NS | France | Single-center | 18 months | Cardiology hospital | 16,830 | 1.7 | VR | ADR (WHO) | NR | 0.11 |
| Thuermann et al. [21] | 1999 | Germany | Single-center | 2 months | Department of neurology; teaching hospital | 595 | 8.4 | ICR | ADR (WHO) | 56.1 % Possible, 35.4 % probable, 4.8 % definite | 0.34 |
| Davies et al. [45] | 2005 | UK | Single-center | 2 weeks | Five wards; teaching hospital | 3695 | 14.7 | ICR | ADR (WHO) | 63 % Possible, 33 % probable, 4 % definite | 0.03 |
| Farcas et al. [28] | 2009 | Romania | Single-center | 1 year | Internal medicine ward, university hospital | 1787 | 2.0 | VR | ADR (WHO) | NR | NR |
The total number of patients admitted during the study period is reported (under sample size). ADR occurrence was calculated by dividing the number of patients who experienced at least one ADR, or the number of admissions during which at least one ADR occurred, by the total number of patients or hospital admissions. The ADR definition that was reported is stated, including whether the WHO definition was used in the study
ADR adverse drug reaction, WHO World Health Organization, DRP drug-related problem, ADE adverse drug event, ICR intensive chart review, VR voluntary reporting, NS not stated, NR not reported