Table 1.
CES-D8 ≥ 4 (N=1,079) | CES-D8 < 4 (N = 7,682) | ||
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Stressful life event | n (%) | n (%) | OR [95% CI] |
Death of spouse | 43 (3.99) | 155 (2.02) | 2.00 [1.41, 2.84] * |
Death of parent | 59 (5.47) | 277 (3.61) | 1.55 [1.17, 2.05] * |
Death of parent-in-law | 31 (2.87) | 207 (2.70) | 1.13 [0.78, 1.63] |
Heart attack | 24 (2.22) | 103 (1.34) | 1.67 [1.06, 2.65] * |
Cancer | 24 (2.22) | 157 (2.04) | 1.06 [0.68, 1.65] |
Nursing home stay | 8 (0.74) | 28 (0.36) | 1.71 [0.76,3.84] |
Onset of disability | 66 (6.12) | 109 (1.42) | 4.42 [3.22, 6.06] * |
Serious injury | 54 (5.00) | 211 (2.75) | 1.87 [1.37, 2.56] * |
Retirement | 100 (9.27) | 764 (9.95) | 0.95 [0.76, 1.19] |
Job loss | 10 (0.93) | 63 (0.82) | 1.13 [0.58, 2.23] |
Marriage | 9 (0.83) | 45 (0.59) | 1.25 [0.60, 2.63] |
Divorce | 19 (1.76) | 38 (0.49) | 3.71 [2.10, 6.57] * |
Residential move | 96 (8.90) | 720 (9.37) | 0.88 [0.70, 1.11] |
Abbreviations: HRS = Heath and Retirement Study, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, CES-D8 = Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 8 item version. Stressful life events occurred within the previous 2-year period. Events in bold were included in the composite measured used to test for moderation. Odds ratios compare the odds of depression among individuals who experienced the event to the odds of depression among individuals who did not experience the event.
p < .05