Effects of different cationic proteins on PIC NPs for induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Mice (n = 3) were subcutaneously immunized twice with ε-PL-based OVA-PIC NPs [OVA-PIC (ε-PL) 100 μg (1 mg of γ-PGA-Phe, 200 μg of ε-PL, and 100 μg of OVA) or OVA-PIC (ε-PL) 10 μg (100 μg of γ-PGA-Phe, 20 μg of ε-PL, and 10 μg of OVA)] or protamine-based OVA-PIC NPs [OVA-PIC (protamine) 100 μg (1 mg of γ-PGA-Phe, 200 μg of protamine, and 100 μg of OVA) or OVA-PIC (protamine) 10 μg (100 μg of γ-PGA-Phe, 20 μg of protamine, and 10 μg of OVA)]. Spleen cells were isolated on day 14 after the final immunization. The cells were stained with an anti-CD8 MAb and the H-2Kb/OVA257–264 pentamer. The number in each panel indicates the percentage of CD8+ pentamer+ T cells. A representative result for one mouse in each group is shown.