Table 4.
Emission factors for nitrous oxide, ammonia and nitrate leaching and plant uptake after application of manure and mineral fertilizer on rice-rice-corn crops or vegetable gardens
| Criteria | Values | Range | Units | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solid manure (non-biogas farms) applied to rice-rice-corn | ||||
| NH3-N | 0.102 | 0.071–0.133 | kg NH3-N (kg N applied)−1 | Watanabe et al. (2009) |
| N2O-N | 0.005 | kg N2O-N (kg N applied)−1 | Calculated as average of 2 times emission factor of 0.003 (Eggleston et al., 2006) | |
| Leaching N | 0. 243 | 0.202–0.324 | kg NO3-N (kg N applied)−1 | Calculated as average leaching per applied manure N from the medium manure N treatment with 262.1 kg N· ha−1·year−1 (Mai et al., 2010) |
| Uptake N | 0.283 | 0.17–0.37 | kg N uptake (kg N applied)−1 | Calculated as average N uptake values (Tran et al., 2012) |
| CH4-C | 4.08 | kg CH4-C (ton solid manure)−1 | Vu et al. (2014) | |
| Mineral fertilizer applied to rice-rice-corn | ||||
| NH3-N | 0.24 | 0.095–0.109 | kg NH3-N (kg N applied)−1 | Sommer et al. (2004), |
| N2O-N | 0.003 | kg N2O-N (kg N applied)−1 | Calculated as average of 2 times emission factor of 0.003 and 1 times emission factor of 0.01 (Eggleston et al., 2006) | |
| Leaching N | 0. 243 | 0.202–0.324 | kg NO 3-N (kg N applied)−1 | Calculated as average leaching per applied mineral nitrogen from medium mineral N treatment of 262.1 kg N·ha−1·year−1 (Mai et al., 2010) |
| Uptake N | 0.373 | 0.25–0.49 | kg N uptake (kg N applied)−1 | Calculated as average N uptake values (Tran et al., 2012) |
| CH4-C | 0 | Calculated (Vu et al., 2014) | ||
| Liquid manure (non-biogas) and digestate (biogas farms) applied to vegetable gardens | ||||
| NH3-N | 0.33 | kg NH3-N (kg TAN)−1 | Sogaard et al., (2002) | |
| N2O-N | 0.01 | 0.003–0.03 | kg N2O-N (kg N applied)−1 | Eggleston et al. (2006) |
| Leaching N | 0.165 | kg NO3-N (kg N applied)−1 | Mai et al. (2010) | |
| Uptake N | 0.328 | kg N uptake (kg N applied)−1 | Calculated as an average N uptake from solid manure and mineral fertilizer (Tran et al., 2012) | |
| Mineral fertilizer applied to vegetable gardens | ||||
| NH3-N | 0.24 | kg NH3-N (kg N applied)−1 | Sommer et al. (2004) | |
| N2O-N | 0.01 | 0.003–0.03 | kg N2O-N (kg N applied)−1 | Eggleston et al. (2006) |
| Leaching N | 0.165 | kg NO3-N (kg N applied)−1 | Mai et al. (2010) | |
| Uptake N | 0.373 | kg N uptake (kg N applied)−1 | Calculated as average N uptake values (Tran et al., 2012) | |