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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 29.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Thorac Surg. 2014 Jun 2;98(1):210–216. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.04.141

Table 1.

Characteristics of participating surgeons and cardiothoracic trainees.

Characteristic Trainees (18) Practicing surgeons (53) P value
Age 35.5 ± 3.4 48.7 ± 9.6 <0.001
Male 11 (85%) 42 (72%) 0.361
Years of cardiothoracic training or years in practice 2.6 ± 1.2 13.3 ± 10.6 n/a
Comfort level for performing lobectomy <0.001
 Naïve 0 0
 Learner 4 (22%) 1 (2%)
 Competent 14 (78%) 10 (19%)
 Expert 0 42 (79%)