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. 2015 Mar 27;13(4):1710–1725. doi: 10.3390/md13041710

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Percentage change of blood glucose levels of diabetic rats administered oral insulin (50 IU/kg) preparations loaded with different degree of deacetylation (DDA) of low molecular chitosans (LMWCs): (a) 1.3 kDa along with a S.C. insulin (1 IU/kg) and a placebo group; (b) 13 kDa and (c) 18 kDa. Data points are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 10). The chitosan concentration was fixed at 4.8 μmol/mL in all oral insulin preparations.

Percentage change of blood glucose levels of diabetic rats administered oral insulin (50 IU/kg) preparations loaded with different degree of deacetylation (DDA) of low molecular chitosans (LMWCs): (a) 1.3 kDa along with a S.C. insulin (1 IU/kg) and a placebo group; (b) 13 kDa and (c) 18 kDa. Data points are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 10). The chitosan concentration was fixed at 4.8 μmol/mL in all oral insulin preparations.