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. 2015 Apr 13;13(4):2105–2123. doi: 10.3390/md13042105

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of ATX on the distribution and protein expression of p-Akt and p-Bad in the kidneys of burned rats. As shown in (A,B), representative graphs show that severe burn insults resulted in reactive elevations in p-Akt or p-Bad positive staining in renal tubular cells as a protection against early AKI, compared with the sham group (n = 12 per group). With changes in the ATX doses, the number of positive-stained tubular cells increased further (n = 12 per group). The results of western blotting exposed similar tendencies of p-Akt or p-Bad protein expression post burn or ATX application (C–E) (n = 6 per group). The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. ** p < 0.01, vs. sham; ^## p < 0.01, vs. burn + vehicle; ^ns p > 0.05.