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. 2015 Apr 14;13(4):2287–2305. doi: 10.3390/md13042287

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The effects of TP3 and TP4 on bacterial cytoplasmic membrane integrity. (a) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of Klebsiella pneumonia (NDM-1) incubated in control broth (Control) or broth containing TP4 (100 μg/mL) at 37 °C for 60 min; (b) TEM of Acinetobacter baumannii (Sk44) incubated in control broth (Control) or broth containing TP4 (100 μg/mL) at 37 °C for 60 min; (c) The effect of treatment with TP3 or TP4 on the release of DNA from the cytoplasm of Acinetobacter baumannii (Sk44) and Klebsiella pneumonia (NDM-1). Cells were treated with peptides at concentrations of 1 × MIC, 2 × MIC, or 4 × MIC. The data shown are the means of at least three independent experiments. Error bars represent the standard deviations.

The effects of TP3 and TP4 on bacterial cytoplasmic membrane integrity. (a) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of Klebsiella pneumonia (NDM-1) incubated in control broth (Control) or broth containing TP4 (100 μg/mL) at 37 °C for 60 min; (b) TEM of Acinetobacter baumannii (Sk44) incubated in control broth (Control) or broth containing TP4 (100 μg/mL) at 37 °C for 60 min; (c) The effect of treatment with TP3 or TP4 on the release of DNA from the cytoplasm of Acinetobacter baumannii (Sk44) and Klebsiella pneumonia (NDM-1). Cells were treated with peptides at concentrations of 1 × MIC, 2 × MIC, or 4 × MIC. The data shown are the means of at least three independent experiments. Error bars represent the standard deviations.