Table 1.
List of patients
| Patient | Sex | Age (years) | SPPS scan (days post stroke) | CPPS scan (days post stroke) | Scan interval (days) | Cerebrovascular risk factors | Vascular stenosis | Imaging modality used for vascular imaging | Lesion Location | Lesion Size (cm3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M | 77 | 28 | 104 | 76 | A, H | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (F, I) | 23.4 |
| 2 | F | 46 | 14 | 119 | 105 | eS | NSS | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm (F, I) | 2.8 |
| 3 | F | 77 | 11 | 144 | 133 | S | NSS | Carotid Doppler | SC wm, SC gm (I) | 1.2 |
| 4 | M | 50 | 12 | 102 | 90 | H, Is, D, Cl | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (F, I O, P) | 13.0 |
| 5 | M | 44 | 12 | 161 | 149 | Cl, S | Underwent successful endarterectomy of 90% L ICA stenosis before the study. Stenosis of R vertebral artery with full distal reconstitution with collaterals | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | SC wm, SC gm (F, I) | 7.3 |
| 6 | M | 46 | 15 | 200 | 185 | D, H, Cl | Short L M1 segment stenosis | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm, SC gm (F, P, T, O and right F) | 13.8 |
| 7 | M | 76 | 25 | 124 | 99 | A, H | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (P, I) | 0.3 |
| 8 | M | 60 | 10 | 127 | 117 | D, H, Ti, Cl | NSS | Carotid Doppler | SC wm (F) | 4.8 |
| 9 | M | 56 | 17 | 96 | 79 | D, H | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (P, F, T) | 14.1 |
| 10 | M | 57 | 20 | 90 | 70 | S | Complete stenosis of L MCA | MRA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm (P, F) | 34.3 |
| 11 | M | 75 | 16 | 101 | 85 | Cl, Is | Asymptomatic L ICA 90% stenosis | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm (T, O) posterior circulation | 18.3 |
| 12 | M | 65 | 6 | 101 | 95 | ‐ | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (F, I) | 9.1 |
| 13 | M | 64 | 6 | 89 | 83 | Cl | Full occlusion of L M3 | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm (I, F, P) | 33.9 |
| 14 | M | 64 | 12 | 96 | 84 | A, H, Cl | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (F, P) | 10.5 |
| 15 | F | 39 | 20 | 91 | 71 | Ti | NSS | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm (F, I) | 7.9 |
| 16 | M | 65 | 11 | 104 | 93 | H, I, Cl, S | Asymptomatic L vertebral stenosis | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC gm (T) | 4.5 |
| 17 | F | 49 | 18 | 88 | 70 | ‐ | NSS | MRA intracranial and cervical vessels | C (F) | 1.4 |
| 18 | M | 53 | 5 | 102 | 97 | ‐ | NSS | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C SC wm (F) | 0.8 |
| 19 | F | 69 | 9 | 87 | 78 | H, eS, D | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (T,P,I) | 75.4 |
| 20 | M | 54 | 14 | 99 | 85 | Is, H, Cl | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (F) | 19.6 |
| 21 | F | 53 | 8 | H, A | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (F) | 16.7 | ||
| 22 | M | 63 | 7 | Cl | NSS | Carotid Doppler | SC wm | 2.6 | ||
| 23 | M | 50 | 20 | D, H, Cl, S | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (I, T) | 3.1 | ||
| 24 | M | 75 | 14 | Cl, Is, D | NSS | Carotid Doppler | SC gm | 1.4 | ||
| 25 | M | 67 | 90 | eS, H, A, Is | L M1 thrombus | MRA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm (I, F, T, P) | 49.1 | ||
| 26 | M | 79 | 93 | Cl | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (T, F, P) | 2.5 | ||
| 27 | F | 79 | 94 | A, Cl | L M2 thrombus | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm, SC gm (I, F) | 6.9 | ||
| 28 | M | 79 | 118 | A, Is, Cl, H | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (I F) | 3.0 | ||
| 29 | M | 67 | 101 | H, Cl | NSS | MRA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC gm, SC wm (F, O, P) | 17.6 | ||
| 30 | M | 56 | 126 | H, Is | NSS | Carotid Doppler | SC wm (F, P, T, O and right P, F) | 12.6 | ||
| 31 | M | 75 | 84 | H, S | NSS | Carotid Doppler | SC wm | 0.5 | ||
| 32 | F | 30 | 100 | ‐ | NSS | MRA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC gm, SC wm (I, F, T, P) | 49.7 | ||
| 33 | F | 74 | 105 | H, Cl | NSS | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | SC wm (O, P) | 5.1 | ||
| 34 | F | 68 | 91 | ‐ | NSS | MRA intracranial and cervical vessels | SC wm | 4.8 | ||
| 35 | F | 74 | 101 | Cl | Moderate short M1 stenosis | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | SC wm (F, O, T, P) | 10.7 | ||
| 36 | F | 61 | 160 | A, S | L M1 thrombus with full recanalization after thrombectomy | DSA + CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | SC wm, C (F, I, T, P) | 168.0 | ||
| 37 | M | 66 | 109 | eS, H | NSS | MRA intracranial and cervical vessels + Carotid Doppler | C (F) | 7.5 | ||
| 38 | M | 63 | 111 | A, D, Cl, H | 50‐70% stenosis L CCA | MRA intra and extra cranial and Carotid Doppler. | C, SC wm, SC gm (F, P T) | 31.3 | ||
| 39 | M | 68 | 189 | ‐ | L ICA dissection | MRA intracranial and cervical vessels | SC wm, SC gm, C (I, F, P, T) | 144.0 | ||
| 40 | M | 75 | 122 | Is, Cl, H, D, eS | NSS | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm, SC gm, (I, F, P) | 82.0 | ||
| 41 | F | 54 | 98 | S | L ICA aneurysm repair prior fMRI | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | SC wm, SC gm (T, P, F, O) | 33.7 | ||
| 42 | F | 26 | 170 | Cl | L M1 thrombus with full recanalization after thrombectomy | DSA + CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm (F, I, P, T) | 53.0 | ||
| 43 | M | 48 | 94 | ‐ | L ICA dissection | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | SC wm (I, F, T, P) | 71.9 | ||
| 44 | F | 62 | 182 | H, eS, Cl | L ICA dissection | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | SC wm (F, P) | 12.4 | ||
| 45 | F | 38 | 105 | D, S, A, H, Cl | L ICA dissection | CTA intracranial and cervical vessels | C, SC wm, SC gm (I, F, P, O, T) | 104.0 | ||
| 46 | M | 79 | 104 | Is, Ti, H, Cl, S | Asymptomatic R ICA 70% stenosis | Carotid Doppler | C, SC wm (I, P, T, O) | 43.9 |
Top, middle and bottom sections show the details of patients with BH scans at two time points, only at SPPS, and only at CPPS, respectively. All patients had strokes caused by cerebral infarction. All patients had carotid artery imaging to ascertain the degree of carotid stenosis. A proportion had additional vertebral artery or intracranial arterial imaging. In the context of this paper we have stated the degree of carotid tree stenosis if it was >50%, which is less than the threshold of 70% stenosis deemed to be clinically significant. A number of patients had significant carotid artery stenosis and the majority had multiple cerebrovascular risk factors, all of which could potentially impact the cerebrovascular reactivity.
L, left; R, right; ICA, internal carotid artery; CCA, common carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; CTA, CT angiography; MRA, MR angiography; DSA, digital subtraction angiography; NSS, no significant stenosis; M1‐3 refer to branches of left middle cerebral artery. H, hypertension; Cl, hypercholesterolemia; Is, ischaemic heart disease; Ti, previous small cerebrovascular disease or transient ischaemic attacks; S, smoker; eS, ex‐smoker; A; atrial fibrillation. Lesion location is in the left hemisphere unless stated otherwise: C, cortical; SC wm, subcortical white matter; SC gm, subcortical grey matter; I, insular; F, frontal; P; parietal, T; temporal; O, occipital.