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. 2014 Dec 6;6(5):2589–2603. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2661

Figure 3. Multiple origin of CAFs within tumor microenvironment.

Figure 3

CAFs can derive from local cells residing in primary tumor, including epithelial cells and carcinoma cells through Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT); resident fibroblasts and pericytes through Mesenchymal Mesenchymal Transition (MMT); endothelial cells through Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition (endMT). Alternatively, CAFs may originate from long distance bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) through an MMT transition.