(a): Panc-1 cells were treated with rhSDF-1α protein (100 ng/ml) or control vehicle, cultured for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h and harvested for RT-qPCR of IL-6 and IL-8. (b): Cells were treated with various concentrations of rhSDF-1a for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h, and IL-6 mRNA was examined by RT-qPCR. (c): Cells were treated with various concentration of SDF-1α for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h. IL-6 protein was examined by ELISA. (d): Cells were treated with rhSDF-1α (100 ng/ml) and/or SDF-1α Ab (100 ng/ml) for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h, and IL-6 protein was examined by ELISA. Panc-1 cells were pretreated with the CXCR4 receptor antagonist AMD3100 or the vehicle for 6 hours. Cells were treated with rhSDF-1α (100 ng/ml) or the vehicle for an additional 24 h, 48 h, of 72 h. The cells and supernatants were collected for analysis of IL-6 by RT-qPCR (e) and ELISA (f), respectively. The bars represent the mean of three independent experiments ± SE. *, P < 0.05.