Table 1.

Integration typology (adapted from Fulop et al. 2005)¹⁰

Organisational integration	How the organisation is formally structured, by mergers and/or structural change or virtually through contracts between separate organisations.
Functional integration	How non-clinical support and back-office functions are integrated.
Service integration	How clinical services offered by the organisation are integrated with each other.
Clinical integration	How care for patients is integrated in a single process both intra and inter-professionally through, for example, the use of shared guidelines along the whole pathway of care.
In addition, two factors are crucial in determining how successful integration is:
Normative integration	The role of shared values in co-ordinating work and securing collaboration in the delivery of healthcare.
Systemic integration	The coherence of rules and policies at the various levels of the organisation.