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. 2015 Apr 29;6:165. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00165

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Copyright © 2015 Angrand, Vennin, Le Bourhis and Adriaenssens.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Functional mechanisms of long non-coding (lncRNA) action at the post-transcriptional levels. (A) mRNA stabilization. Base pairing between specific regions of a long non-coding antisense RNA and its sense transcript induces stabilization of the target mRNA and increases protein abundance. (B) mRNA degradation. Staufen double-stranded RNA-binding protein 1 (STAU1)-mediated mRNA decay is induced when base pairing is formed between the mRNA and a lncRNA. (C) Ribosome targeting. Through homologous base pairing with mRNAs and interactions with ribosomal proteins lncRNAs target transcripts to ribosomes or prevent translation. (D) Regulation of splicing. Base pairing between mRNAs and lncRNAs may prevent splicing by masking the splicing sites. In addition, lncRNAs are also implicated in the formation and maintenance of nuclear structures involved in alternative splicing of nascent transcripts. (E) miR sponge. By sequestering miRs through base pairing formations, lncRNAs affect the expression of the miR target genes. (F) Precursor of miRs. LncRNAs can serve as a source of miRs after processing. LncRNAs are shown in red, whereas mRNAs are in blue. See text for examples.