FIGURE 2.

Functional mechanism of action at the levels of transcriptional regulation. (A) LncRNA may regulate transcription by virtue of RNA–DNA triplex formation preventing the formation of the transcription initiation complex at promoters. (B) LncRNAs can act as decoys by titrating transcription factors away from their cognate promoters. (C) LncRNAs can regulate transcription through the targeting of transcription factors to promoters or acting as co-factors involved in transcription factor activity. (D) LncRNA can also control transcription factor trafficking. LncRNAs are shown in red.