Table 1.
Sample characteristics of participants
| Variables | CON (33) | ADHD (44) | ASD (19) | F test | p value a | Subject contrast |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 14.3 (2.52) | 13.6 (1.87) | 14.9 (1.86) | 2.68 | n.s. | – |
| IQ | 110 (11.5) | 92.2 (11.7) | 113 (15.7) | 27.3 | < 0.001 | ADHD<ASD, CON |
| SDQ hyperactive/inattentive | 1.97 (1.77) | 8.49 (1.94) | 4.74 (1.91) | 107.4 | < 0.001 | ADHD>ASD>CON |
| SDQ emotional distress | 1.09 (1.53) | 3.72 (2.82) | 4.26 (2.88) | 13.8 | < 0.001 | ASD, ADHD>CON |
| SDQ conduct subscale | 0.72 (1.49) | 5.67 (2.42) | 2.16 (1.95) | 55.0 | < 0.001 | ADHD>ASD>CON |
| SDQ peer relationships | 0.88 (1.31) | 3.77 (2.37) | 6.21 (2.30) | 43.0 | < 0.001 | ASD>ADHD>CON |
| SDQ prosocial behaviour | 8.56 (2.17) | 5.97 (2.12) | 5.16 (2.22) | 19.0 | < 0.001 | CON>ASD, ADHD |
| SDQ total scores | 4.66 (4.53) | 21.6 (5.88) | 17.4 (5.46) | 91.7 | < 0.001 | ADHD>ASD>CON |
| SCQ total score | 1.96 (2.37) | 8.72 (4.10) | 23.3 (5.39) | 155.8 | < 0.001 | ASD>ADHD>CON |
| CPRS-R total T score | 44.8 (5.88) | 76.1 (7.54) | 58.5 (6.50) | 151.4 | < 0.001 | ADHD>ASD>CON |
| ADOS social scores | – | – | 7.35 (3.92) | |||
| ADOS communication scores | – | – | 2.24 (1.48) | |||
| ADOS communication and social scores | – | – | 9.59 (5.03) | |||
| ADOS stereotyped behaviour scores | – | – | 1.12 (0.99) | |||
| ADI-R social scores | – | – | 16.3 (4.59) | |||
| ADI-R communication scores | – | – | 13.9 (3.77) | |||
| ADI-R repetitive behaviour scores | – | – | 5.17 (2.85) |
IQ, Intelligence quotient as assessed with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI); ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CON, controls; CPRS-R, revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire; ADI-R, Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised; ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; n.s., not significant.
Values given as mean (standard deviation).
a
Bonferroni correction.