Table 2.

HR, SDNN intervals, LF, and HF by depression group during the paced breathing condition

	Non-depressed controlsa (<16 on CES-D & no antidepressants)	Remitted depressionb (<16 on CES-D & on antidepressants)	Current depressionc (⩾16 on CES-D & no antidepressants)	Current depressiond (⩾16 on CES-D & on antidepressants)	Controls v.
	(N = 4107)	(N = 185)	(N = 317)	(N = 80)	Remitted (<16 on CES-D and on antidepressants)		Current depression (no antidepressants)		Current depression (on antidepressants)
	Mean (s.e.)	Mean (s.e.)	Mean (s.e.)	Mean (s.e.)	Effect sizeb	p value	Effect sizeb	p value	Effect sizeb	p value
	HR (beats/min)
Unadjusted	66.2 (0.17)	69.4 (0.98)	66.7 (0.61)	69.3 (1.4)	−3.2	0.00**	−0.79	0.42	−2.4	0.01**
Adjusteda	66.3 (0.03)	66.7 (0.16)	67.1 (0.13)	67.3 (0.26)	2.0	0.04*	3.9	0.00**	2.7	0.01**
	SDNNc
Unadjusted	40.7 (1.0)	32.3 (1.0)	38.9 (1.0)	34.6 (1.1)	4.5	0.00**	2.2	0.06	2.2	02*
Adjusteda	40.7 (1.0)	38.9 (1.0)	39.8 (1.0)	39.7 (1.0)	−6.11	0.00**	−1.1	0.25	−2.0	0.04*
	LFd (ms2)
Unadjusted	151.3 (1.0)	83.1 (1.1)	128.8 (1.1)	102.3 (1.1)	5.0	0.00**	1.7	0.02*	3.4	0.00**
Adjusteda	147.9 (1.0)	128.8 (1.0)	144.5 (1.0)	134.8 (1.1)	−8.5	0.00**	−1.3	0.18	−2.5	0.01**
	HFe (ms2)
Unadjusted	158.4 (1.0)	97.7 (1.1)	147.9 (1.1)	97.7 (1.2)	2.4	00**	1.0	0.41	2.4	0.01**
Adjusteda	158.8 (1.0)	147.2 (1.0)	155.0 (1.0)	144.8 (1.1)	−4.8	0.00**	1.0	0.31	2.3	0.02*

HR, Heart rate; SDNN, standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN); LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression scale.

^aAdjusted for age, sex, education, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, heart disease, chronic disease, heart medication, anxiety.

^bt test used for unadjusted means, z test used for adjusted means.

^*Denotes significance at 0.05.

^**Denotes significance at 0.01.