Table 1.
Characteristics of patients, risk factor profile, and type of surgery in study of prognostic capabilities of coronary computed tomographic angiography carried out before non-cardiac surgery. Figures are numbers (percentage) of patients unless stated otherwise
| Demographics | All patients (n=955) | Did not experience cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction (n=881) | Experienced cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction (n=74) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 69.7 (8.5) | 69.5 (8.6) | 72.2 (7.9) |
| Men | 584 (61) | 536 (61) | 48 (65) |
| Mean (SD) BMI | 30.0 (6.2) | 30.1 (6.3) | 28.6 (5.0) |
| Known vascular disease: | |||
| History of CAD | 305 (32) | 267 (30) | 38 (51) |
| History of PVD | 332 (35) | 295 (33) | 37 (50) |
| History of stroke | 88 (9) | 78 (9) | 10 (14) |
| History of CHF | 35 (4) | 30 (3) | 5 (7) |
| Any of the above | 579 (61) | 518 (59) | 61 (82) |
| Vascular risk factors: | |||
| History of diabetes | 362 (38) | 328 (37) | 34 (46) |
| Age ≥70 | 512 (54) | 464 (53) | 48 (65) |
| History of smoking within 2 years of surgery | 257 (27) | 239 (27) | 18 (24) |
| History of treatment for hypercholesterolemia | 766 (80) | 711 (81) | 55 (74) |
| History of TIA | 91 (10) | 83 (9) | 8 (11) |
| History of hypertension | 838 (88) | 770 (87) | 68 (92) |
| Patients qualified based on risk factors alone (that is, ≥3 of 6 risk factors) | 376 (39) | 363 (41) | 13 (18) |
| Recent high risk CAD | 8 (1) | 6 (1) | 2 (3) |
| Myocardial infarction | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| CCS II Angina | 7 | 5 | 2 |
| Patients with baseline: | |||
| Stress nuclear imaging | 90 (9) | 78 (9) | 12 (16) |
| Stress echocardiography | 7 (1) | 7 (1) | 0 |
| Patient requires assistance with activities of daily living | 40 (4) | 36 (4) | 5 (5) |
| Patients with baseline factors before operation: | |||
| Statins <24h | 457 (48) | 424 (48) | 33 (45) |
| Statins >24h to 7 days | 705 (74) | 650 (74) | 55 (74) |
| β blocker <24h | 294 (31) | 263 (30) | 31 (42) |
| β blocker >24h to 7 days | 369 (39) | 326 (37) | 43 (58) |
| Revised cardiac risk index score*: | |||
| 0 | 320 (34) | 305 (35) | 15 (20) |
| 1 | 407 (43) | 378 (43) | 29 (39) |
| 2 | 178 (19) | 159 (18) | 19 (26) |
| 3 | 43 (5) | 33 (4) | 10 (14) |
| 4 | 6 (1) | 6 (1) | 0 |
| 5 | 1 (<1) | 0 | 1 (1) |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Type of surgery: | |||
| Vascular | 289 (30) | 259 (29) | 30 (41) |
| Intra-abdominal | 72 (8) | 67 (8) | 5 (7) |
| Orthopedic | 538 (56) | 502 (57) | 36 (49) |
| Major spine | 13 (1) | 13 (1) | 0 |
| Other | 53(6) | 49 (6) | 4 (5) |
CAD=coronary artery disease; PVD=peripheral vascular disease; CHF=congestive heart failure; TIA=transient ischemic attack.
*Equally weighted clinical risk model including high risk surgery, history of coronary artery disease, history of heart failure, history of cerebrovascular disease, preoperative treatment with insulin, and preoperative creatinine >170 mmol/L.